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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  and 
  at 
  sometime, 
  an 
  opportunity 
  will 
  be 
  afforded 
  for 
  the 
  study 
  

   of 
  pre-Cambrian 
  life. 
  West 
  of 
  the 
  Rocky 
  mountains, 
  stratified 
  

   deposits 
  of 
  great 
  thickness 
  are 
  known 
  beneath 
  rocks 
  of 
  Cambrian 
  

   age 
  and 
  these 
  may, 
  in 
  time, 
  when 
  carefully 
  searched, 
  yield 
  an 
  

   abundant 
  fauna. 
  

  

  Development 
  of 
  Life 
  

  

  ANIMALS 
  

  

  In 
  classifying 
  the 
  animal 
  kingdom, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  

   or 
  absence 
  of 
  an 
  important 
  feature 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  place 
  most 
  of 
  

   the 
  forms 
  in 
  two 
  great 
  sub-kingdoms: 
  the 
  invertebrates 
  and 
  the 
  

   vertebrates; 
  those 
  without 
  a 
  backbone 
  and 
  those 
  posses,sing 
  one. 
  

  

  The 
  animals 
  without 
  backbone 
  are 
  considered 
  lower 
  in 
  the 
  

   scale 
  of 
  development, 
  as 
  they 
  have, 
  in 
  general, 
  less 
  intelligence 
  

   and 
  fewer 
  resources. 
  They 
  are 
  usually 
  dependent 
  for 
  protection 
  

   on 
  an 
  external 
  skeleton 
  or 
  armor 
  which 
  encloses 
  their 
  soft 
  bodies. 
  

  

  The 
  vertebrate 
  animals 
  are, 
  in 
  general, 
  characterized 
  by 
  rela- 
  

   tively 
  higher 
  intelligence 
  and 
  have, 
  at 
  their 
  command, 
  more 
  ways 
  

   of 
  protecting 
  themselves 
  and 
  securing 
  a 
  living. 
  The 
  soft 
  parts 
  of 
  

   their 
  bodies 
  are 
  built 
  around 
  a 
  bony 
  skeleton 
  and 
  they 
  depend 
  

   for 
  self 
  protection 
  more 
  generally 
  on 
  their 
  activity 
  and 
  intelli- 
  

   gence 
  than 
  upon 
  mere 
  mechanical 
  means 
  of 
  protection 
  such 
  as 
  

   shells 
  or 
  armor. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  invertebrates 
  the 
  cuttlefishes 
  were 
  and 
  are 
  still 
  

   « 
  

  

  the 
  most 
  highly 
  developed 
  type 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  size 
  and 
  power 
  though 
  

   the 
  crustaceans 
  are 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  highly 
  organized; 
  

   among 
  the 
  vertebrates, 
  man 
  is 
  supreme. 
  

  

  As 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  know 
  the 
  whole 
  history 
  of 
  life 
  development, 
  we 
  

   cannot 
  show 
  accurately 
  in 
  a 
  diagram 
  or 
  scheme 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  

   the 
  different 
  groups. 
  The 
  older 
  arrangement 
  which 
  is 
  still 
  used 
  

   in 
  many 
  text-books 
  of 
  geology 
  is 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  