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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  In 
  ithe 
  southern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  state 
  we 
  find 
  clays 
  in 
  abundance, 
  

   in 
  all 
  the 
  ra'Ilejs, 
  and 
  lowlands. 
  The 
  extensiive 
  marshes 
  near 
  

   Randolph 
  and 
  Conewango 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  underlaid 
  by 
  clay 
  

   throughout 
  tlieir 
  entire 
  extent. 
  

  

  A 
  bed 
  of 
  blue 
  and 
  red 
  clay 
  is 
  being 
  worked 
  at 
  Brighton 
  near 
  

   Rochester. 
  This 
  depon^it 
  lies 
  near 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Irondequoit 
  bay. 
  

  

  Clays 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  at 
  several 
  points 
  m 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  

   Oswego 
  river 
  from 
  Syracuse 
  to 
  Oswego, 
  an 
  important 
  one 
  being 
  

   at 
  Three 
  Rivers. 
  

  

  Deposits 
  of 
  clay 
  suitable 
  for 
  brick 
  and 
  tile 
  oecur 
  extensively 
  

   in 
  the 
  lowlands 
  bordering 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  river 
  from 
  Rome 
  to 
  Sche- 
  

   nectady. 
  The 
  beds 
  vary 
  in 
  thickness 
  from 
  six 
  to 
  15 
  feet 
  and 
  are 
  

   mostly 
  of 
  a 
  red, 
  blue 
  or 
  gray 
  color. 
  

  

  An 
  extensive 
  bed 
  of 
  red 
  and 
  gray 
  clay, 
  20 
  acres 
  in 
  extent 
  and 
  

   horizontally 
  stratified, 
  occurs 
  at 
  Watertown. 
  The 
  deposit 
  is 
  20 
  

   feet 
  thick 
  and 
  rests 
  on 
  Trenton 
  limestone. 
  

  

  Another 
  deposit 
  of 
  considerabie 
  size 
  is 
  being 
  worked 
  at 
  Og- 
  

   densburg. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  blue 
  and 
  has 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  60 
  feet. 
  

  

  HUDSON 
  VALLEY 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  most 
  extensive 
  and 
  important 
  clay 
  formation* 
  

   occurring 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  valley. 
  These 
  

   deposits 
  indicate 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  depression, 
  and 
  deposition 
  in 
  quiet 
  

   water. 
  The 
  clay 
  is 
  chiefly 
  blue, 
  but 
  where 
  the 
  overlying 
  sand 
  is 
  

   wanting 
  or 
  is 
  of 
  slight 
  thickness, 
  it 
  is 
  weathered 
  to 
  yellow, 
  this 
  

   weathering 
  often 
  extending 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  15 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   face, 
  and 
  to 
  a 
  still 
  greater 
  depth 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  fissures. 
  The 
  

   depth 
  of 
  oxidation 
  is 
  of 
  course 
  influenced 
  by 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  

   clay; 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  weathering 
  easily 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  more 
  

   sandy 
  nature 
  and 
  hence 
  looser 
  texture. 
  Horizontal 
  stratification 
  

   is 
  usually 
  present, 
  and 
  the 
  layers 
  of 
  elay 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  ex- 
  

   tremely 
  thin 
  laminae 
  of 
  sand. 
  At 
  some 
  localities 
  the 
  layers 
  of 
  the 
  

   clay 
  are 
  very 
  thin 
  and 
  alternate 
  with 
  equally 
  thin 
  layers 
  of 
  sandy 
  

   clay. 
  This 
  condition 
  is 
  found 
  at 
  Haverstraw, 
  Croton, 
  Dutchess 
  

   Junction, 
  Stony 
  Point, 
  Fishkill, 
  Cornwall, 
  New 
  Windsor, 
  Catskill 
  

   and 
  Port 
  Ewen. 
  At 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  above-mentioned 
  localities 
  except 
  

  

  