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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Shales 
  and 
  Shale 
  Products 
  

  

  Within 
  the 
  last 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  years 
  the 
  manufacturers 
  in 
  New 
  

   York 
  have 
  turned 
  their 
  attention 
  toward 
  the 
  extensive 
  beds 
  of 
  

   argillaceous 
  shale 
  which 
  the 
  state 
  contains, 
  and 
  which 
  on 
  trial 
  

   have 
  given 
  very 
  satisfactory 
  results. 
  Several 
  large 
  firms 
  are 
  

   using 
  them 
  for 
  the 
  manufactuire 
  of 
  sewer 
  pipe, 
  terra 
  cotta, 
  paving 
  

   brick 
  and 
  roofing 
  tile. 
  The 
  shale 
  formations 
  at 
  present 
  used 
  are 
  

   the 
  Salina, 
  Hamilton 
  and 
  Chemung. 
  The 
  Hudson 
  river 
  shales 
  

   are 
  no 
  doubt 
  sufficiently 
  argillaceous 
  over 
  many 
  areas 
  to 
  be 
  

   used 
  for 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  clay 
  products, 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  may 
  be 
  

   said 
  of 
  the 
  Niagara 
  shale, 
  which 
  weathers 
  to 
  a 
  clay. 
  

  

  Iron 
  Ores 
  

  

  The 
  iron 
  ores 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  have 
  been 
  carefully 
  studied 
  and 
  

   described 
  by 
  Prof. 
  J. 
  0. 
  Smock, 
  who 
  has 
  published 
  his 
  results 
  in 
  

   Bulletin 
  No. 
  7^ 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  Museum 
  and 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   Bayard 
  F. 
  Putnam, 
  who 
  contributed 
  an 
  article 
  on 
  this 
  subject 
  to 
  

   the 
  volume 
  on 
  Mining 
  Industries 
  (No. 
  XV) 
  in 
  tilie 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  

   tenth 
  census. 
  These 
  two 
  important 
  papers, 
  taken 
  together 
  give 
  

   a 
  most 
  complete 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  sources 
  of 
  iron 
  in 
  New 
  York. 
  

   Our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  Adirondack 
  ores 
  is 
  supplemented 
  by 
  the 
  

   work 
  of 
  Prof. 
  J. 
  F. 
  Kemp, 
  which 
  is 
  contaaned 
  in 
  Bulletin 
  No. 
  13 
  

   of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  Museum, 
  entitled 
  the 
  Greology 
  of 
  Moriah 
  

   and 
  Westport 
  townships. 
  The 
  localities 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  principal 
  mines 
  

   are 
  shown 
  on 
  the 
  economic 
  map. 
  

  

  Iron 
  in 
  its 
  native 
  or 
  metallic 
  form 
  isi 
  not 
  known 
  to 
  exist 
  within 
  

   the 
  istate 
  of 
  New 
  York, 
  nor 
  is 
  it 
  at 
  present 
  anywhere 
  a 
  commer- 
  

   cial 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  metal. 
  We 
  are 
  therefore 
  chiefly 
  dependent 
  

   upon 
  the 
  combinations 
  of 
  iron 
  with 
  oxygen 
  for 
  our 
  supply 
  of 
  

   that 
  indispensiable 
  subistance. 
  

  

  The 
  O'res 
  of 
  iron, 
  which 
  occur 
  in 
  beds 
  and 
  deposits 
  of 
  workable 
  

   size 
  in 
  the 
  '^tate 
  of 
  New 
  York, 
  may 
  be 
  classified 
  by 
  their 
  chemical 
  

   composition, 
  into 
  oxides 
  and 
  carbonates 
  of 
  iron, 
  and 
  these 
  may 
  

   be 
  subdivided, 
  following 
  the 
  mineralogical 
  characters, 
  into 
  

  

  oThe 
  following 
  description 
  Is 
  abridged 
  with 
  some 
  alterations 
  and 
  additions 
  from 
  Bul- 
  

   letin 
  No. 
  7. 
  

  

  