﻿220 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Cayuga, 
  Wayne, 
  and 
  Monroe 
  counties. 
  West 
  of 
  the 
  Genesee 
  

   river 
  Prof. 
  Hall 
  reports 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  seen.* 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  

   beds, 
  generally 
  about 
  20 
  feet 
  apart, 
  according 
  to 
  Vanuxem's 
  

   report 
  on 
  the 
  Clinton 
  group, 
  thin, 
  averaging 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  

   foot, 
  and 
  distinguished 
  by 
  more 
  abundant 
  oolitic 
  particles 
  in 
  the 
  

   lower 
  bed 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  larger 
  grains 
  and 
  concretions 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  

   bed.^ 
  Very 
  little 
  mining 
  has 
  been 
  done^ 
  excepting 
  in 
  the 
  towns 
  

   of 
  Clinton, 
  Oneida 
  county, 
  and 
  Ontario, 
  in 
  Wayne 
  county. 
  The 
  

   average 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  in 
  these 
  mines 
  is 
  30 
  inches, 
  and 
  

   one 
  bed 
  only 
  is 
  worked. 
  They 
  lie 
  almost 
  horizontal, 
  dipping 
  

   slightly 
  to 
  the 
  south; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  extraction 
  of 
  the 
  ore 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  overlying 
  shales 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  removed 
  and 
  the 
  roof 
  supported 
  by 
  

   timbering. 
  

  

  The 
  ore 
  consists 
  of 
  lenticular-shaped 
  grains, 
  closely 
  aggregated 
  

   in 
  a 
  firm 
  solid 
  mass, 
  which 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  broken 
  up 
  by 
  blasting 
  and 
  

   heavy 
  sledging. 
  It 
  is 
  more 
  friable 
  and 
  soft 
  on 
  the 
  outcrop. 
  It 
  

   is 
  brownish 
  red 
  in 
  color 
  and 
  soils 
  like 
  a 
  paint. 
  The 
  percentage 
  

   of 
  metallic 
  iron 
  varies 
  less 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  magnetic 
  iron 
  ores 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  brown 
  hematites. 
  The 
  average 
  is 
  44 
  to 
  48^. 
  The 
  phosphorus 
  

   is 
  above 
  the 
  Bessemer 
  limit. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  adapted 
  for 
  making 
  

   foundry 
  iron 
  and 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  that 
  class 
  of 
  iron 
  mainly. 
  Local 
  

   furnaces 
  take 
  nearly 
  all 
  the 
  output 
  of 
  the 
  mines. 
  The 
  first 
  lease 
  

   for 
  digging 
  Clinton 
  ore 
  was 
  given 
  in 
  1797.*^ 
  

  

  THE 
  LIMONITES 
  OF 
  DUTCHESS 
  AND 
  COLUMBIA 
  

  

  COUNTIES 
  

  

  The 
  ore 
  deposits 
  and 
  mines, 
  as 
  here 
  grouped, 
  are 
  in 
  two 
  prin- 
  

   cipal 
  ranges 
  and 
  limestone 
  valleys. 
  First, 
  the 
  Fishkill-Clove 
  belt, 
  

   stretching 
  northeast, 
  from 
  the 
  Highlands 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson, 
  across 
  

   the 
  towns 
  of 
  Fishkill, 
  East 
  Fishkill, 
  Beekman 
  and 
  Unionvale; 
  

   second, 
  the 
  north-south 
  valley, 
  traversed 
  by 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  

   Harlem 
  railway, 
  from 
  the 
  Highlands 
  across 
  Dutchess 
  county, 
  

   and 
  to 
  Hillsdale 
  in 
  Columbia 
  county. 
  The 
  limonite, 
  or 
  brown 
  

   hematite 
  ore, 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  small 
  pockets 
  of 
  irregular 
  shape, 
  and 
  

  

  a 
  Hall 
  Report 
  on 
  Survey 
  of 
  the 
  Fourth 
  Geological 
  District, 
  Albany, 
  1843, 
  p. 
  61. 
  

   fiVanuxem 
  Report 
  on 
  Survey 
  of 
  the 
  Third 
  Geological 
  District, 
  Albany, 
  1842, 
  p. 
  83. 
  

   cBirkinbine; 
  The 
  iron 
  ores 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  River, 
  in 
  Mineral 
  Resources 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  for 
  the 
  calendar 
  year 
  1886, 
  p. 
  50. 
  

  

  