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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  and 
  Allegany 
  counties. 
  The 
  Cattaraugus 
  county 
  field 
  is 
  a 
  north- 
  

   ward 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  Bradford 
  field 
  of 
  Pennsylvania 
  and 
  is 
  con- 
  

   tinuous 
  over 
  the 
  sitate 
  line. 
  The 
  Allegany 
  county 
  field 
  i® 
  m'ore 
  

   isolated, 
  althoiugh 
  the 
  oil 
  comes 
  fpo'm 
  the 
  same 
  geological 
  hori- 
  

   zon, 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  sandstooae 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Chemung 
  or 
  Catskill. 
  This 
  

   has 
  been 
  discussed 
  in 
  great 
  detail 
  by 
  Charle's 
  A. 
  Ashburner 
  in 
  

   the 
  Transactioins 
  of 
  American 
  Ins^titute 
  of 
  Mining 
  Engineers 
  for 
  

   1887. 
  

  

  Natural 
  illuminajting 
  gas 
  was 
  first 
  used 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  at 
  Fre- 
  

   donia, 
  Chautauqua 
  county, 
  in 
  1821. 
  It 
  is 
  still 
  in 
  use 
  at 
  the 
  local- 
  

   ity 
  in 
  question, 
  but 
  the 
  quantity 
  is 
  insiufificient 
  to 
  supply 
  the 
  whole 
  

   village. 
  Besides 
  Fredonia, 
  'at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  Buffalo, 
  Honeoye 
  

   Falls, 
  Pulaski 
  and 
  Sandy 
  Creek 
  are 
  using 
  natural 
  gas 
  for 
  heat- 
  

   ing 
  and 
  illuminating 
  purposes 
  and 
  wells 
  have 
  been 
  bored 
  in 
  the 
  

   vicinity 
  of 
  O'swego, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  at 
  Fulton 
  and 
  Baldwinsville. 
  Gas 
  

   wells 
  have 
  been 
  bored 
  tentatively 
  at 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  places 
  in 
  

   New 
  York 
  State 
  and 
  small 
  quantities 
  of 
  gas 
  have 
  been 
  found, 
  

   but 
  the 
  enterprises 
  have 
  noit 
  been 
  financially 
  successful. 
  At 
  

   present 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  wells 
  in 
  Buffalo 
  have 
  ceased 
  to 
  yield 
  and 
  a 
  

   large 
  quantity 
  of 
  the 
  natural 
  gas 
  now 
  consumed 
  in 
  that 
  city 
  is 
  

   brought 
  in 
  pipe-lines 
  from 
  Canada. 
  The 
  gas 
  of 
  Fredonia 
  comes 
  

   from 
  shales 
  immediately 
  over 
  the 
  co-rniferous 
  limestone. 
  The 
  

   gas 
  of 
  the 
  oil 
  districts 
  comes, 
  like 
  the 
  oil, 
  from 
  the 
  horizon 
  of 
  the 
  

   Oatskill. 
  The 
  gas 
  of 
  centiral 
  and 
  northern 
  New 
  York 
  comes 
  from 
  

   the 
  Trenton 
  limestone. 
  

  

  Natural 
  Carbonic 
  Acid 
  Gas 
  

  

  This 
  material 
  is 
  obtained 
  at 
  Saratoga 
  Springs 
  and 
  vicinity 
  by 
  

   boring 
  wells 
  to 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  350 
  feet. 
  Carbonated 
  waters 
  

   flow 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  and 
  are 
  conducted 
  through 
  pipes 
  to 
  large 
  gas 
  

   holders, 
  where 
  the 
  gas 
  separates 
  fro-m 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  is 
  then 
  

   pumped 
  into 
  compressors 
  from 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  forced 
  into 
  steel 
  cyl- 
  

   inders 
  under 
  a 
  pressure 
  of 
  about 
  1,000 
  pounds 
  to 
  the 
  square 
  inch. 
  

   These 
  cylinders, 
  when 
  filled, 
  are 
  shipped 
  to 
  the 
  consumers, 
  who 
  

   use 
  it 
  chiefly 
  in 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  soda 
  T\"ater, 
  both 
  for 
  the 
  

   wholesale 
  and 
  retail 
  trades. 
  At 
  present 
  this 
  gas 
  is 
  shipped 
  from 
  

  

  