BETURN MIGRATIONS FROM THE BORDER STATES. 159 



of large numbers of locusts hatching in the spring in the Snake Val- 

 ley about Boise City, and that swarms appeared, August 2, in the valley 

 of the Bruneau. Three or four days after large swarms appeared about 

 100 miles southwest of this point in Nevada. The valley of the Jordan 

 River was apparently invaded from the northeast, while the Burnt Eiver 

 Valley was visited from the southeast, the direction of Boise City. The 

 region around Boise, then, appears to be a small center of distribution 

 for swarms moving westward. Of the origin of the locusts which have 

 invaded Lewiston and Patoka Valleys we have no information. 



RETURN MIGRATIONS FROM THE BORDER STATES (TEXAS TO MINNE- 

 SOTA) PREVIOUS TO 1877. 



The data on this subject are scanty previous to 1875. 



In Texas, in 1858, the young took flight north from the 10th to the 

 16th of April. 



In 1867 the flights out of Kansas early in June were to the west or 

 northwest; while in Missouri they were reported, June 8, as going west 

 and southwest from Saint Joseph ; at Kansas City, June 26, millions flew 

 northeast. 



In 1869 locusts flew into Andrew County, June 18, from the south, 

 with a strong south wind ; on the 23d, a fresh south wind blowing, they 

 rose and went on. 



In 1873 Minnesota was visited in June by swarms from the southwest. 



The movement out of the States lying south of the 44th parallel of 

 latitude in a general north and northwest course was, in 1875, almost 

 universal. From Texas we have not full data. From Fort Gibson, Ind. 

 T., they departed during the month of May in a generally north and 

 west direction. On one day at the end of May '^ millions of locusts flew 

 westerly" from Fort Gibson. 



From Missouri the flights during the month of June up to the 20th or 

 25th of June were to the north and northwest. The locusts first took 

 flight in Kansas from the extreme southeast of the infest'ed region, on 

 May 28 and 29, the swarms passing over the State in a northerly and 

 northwesterly course. 



Mr. Eiley, in his Eighth Report, states that *'the testimony of a vast 

 majority of observers is conclusive as to the general northwesterly di- 

 rection of their flight. The few cases on record ot their moving in other 

 directions are attributable to strong adverse winds, or to the fact that 

 they were merely making short aerial excursions preparatory to the 

 grand flight. It was noticed that when they flew to the south or east 

 it was at a much lower elevation than when apparently returning to 

 their native habitat." 



Prof. F. H. Snow, of Lawrence, Kans., states that '^ when the wind is 

 strong they fly with the wind. If the wind is light they fly toward the 

 northwest by what seems to be a natural instinct. Thus, on June 7, 

 with a southwest wind moving, according to the university anemometer, 



