384 REPORT UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



been scarce, some persons have substituted concentrated lye, but when 

 used strong enough to kill, it costs about as mucli as the oil. The oil- 

 pans can be used only when tlie crops to be protected are small. 



" Small pans for oil, attached to an obliquing pole or handle, do excel- 

 lent service in gardens." 



Mr. A. A. Price, of Rutland, Humboldt County, Iowa, sends the Com- 

 mission the following description of a coal-oil pan to be drawn on run- 

 uers, and which was used with much success in Northwestern Iowa : 



Take a common board from 12 to 16 feet in length for the foundation or bed-piece. 

 Make a tin trough 4 inches deep, 6 inches wide, and as long as required. Divide the 

 trough into partitions by means of strips of tin, so that each partition is a foot long, 

 thus avoiding the spilling of oil. Back of this place a strip of tin 16 inches wide and 

 as long as the trough. The back must be firmly secured by bract s running down to 

 the front edge of the board. Under all this place three wooden runners 3 feet long 

 and shod with iron-for the trough to ride on. Fill the pan half full of water and then 

 add a small quantity of kerosene, sufficient to cover the water. A horse may be hitched 

 to the machine by fastening a rope to the outside runners. * * * The lightness of 

 the machine will allow its being used on any crops. * * * * 



A machine of this sort was patented by Mr. Lorenzo B. Canfield, of 



Syracuse, ]S"ebr. (Pat- 

 en t :No. 1 87,o09,dated 

 February 20, 1877). 

 Tbe following de- 

 scription and figures 

 will serve to illus- 

 trate his pan more 

 fully. Fig. SOrepre- 

 --^ seuts a perspective 



Fig. 89.— The Canfield Locust Pax: Perspective view. VieW ; J^ Ig. JO a longi- 



tudinal sectional view on the line ij? ir in the preceding. 



Eef erring to the parts by let- 

 JB /i^<?Tf ""^^^^ ters, letters A represent the pans, 



made of zinc, tin, or any light 

 suitable material, and of any 

 suitable size and depth adapted 

 to the method of propulsion. 

 For carrying by hand I have 

 found about 2 to 3 feet long, 2 

 feet wide, and 3 to 4 inches deep 



Fig. 90 



-Cantield Pan: 



j6 J> 

 longitudinal section 



a very good size. The sides of the pans may all be perpendicular to the bottom, except 

 the front side, which should be a little inclined, as shown at Figs. 1 and 3, to facilitate 

 passing over grass, oats, wheat, and vegetation similar in size. The pans A are placed 

 in a row, close to each other, and united by bottooi straps B, to which they are secured 

 by rivets &. 



C is a truss, its ends secured to the extreme ends and bottom of the two oater pans 

 A, and its central part secured upon the u^^per eiid of a king-j)ost, c. D D are handles, 

 one at each end of the series of pans. E is an upwardly-extended back for the pans, 

 and is formed by simply extending the backs of the pans themselves upward, or by 

 attaching a light cloth back to standards e. 



It will be evident that the series of pans may be extended to any desired length, or 

 that a single pan may be used short enough to sustain its own weight, or made longer 

 and braced, as described, and divided transversely by walls into compartments, which 

 will prevent the oil running all to one end of the device when such end is lower than 

 the other. 



In operation the device is carried by the handles D, with the pans near to the 

 ground, and as it is advanced the insects jump up and are received in the advancing 

 pan, or, striking the back E, fall into the petroleum, of which there is one-half inch or 

 more in depth in the pans, where they die, or, jumping therefrom, die on the ground. 



