16 :NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The next year trees here and there gave evidence of a serious 

 attack and in 1897 a much larger number of the American elms 

 was seriously injured than in the preceding year. 



No species of elm grown in this country is exempt from attack 

 although there is considerable variation in the degree of injury 

 inflicted upon them. The relative liability to attack is appar- 

 ently a variable quantity in different localities. According to 

 Dr Howard's observations, the American elm suffers more from 

 the insect than does the Scotch, the English species being the 

 favorite, while in both Albany and Troy the injuries were about 

 equal to the English and Scotch, the latter suffering more in 

 many instances, while the American elm was eaten to a much 

 less degree. 



AN ASSOCIATED INSECT 



The elms, particularly the European species, in Albany, Troy 

 and other places along the Hudson river are most unfortunate in 

 suffering from the attacks of another imported insect, which is 

 known as the elm tree bark-louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff. The 

 pest was first discovered in this country at Rye, Westchester 

 county, N. Y., in 1894, on the nursery stock of Mr Charles Fremd. 

 It is now known to occur in a number of localities in the Hudson 

 valley, being generally distributed over Albany, Troy and adja- 

 cent towns. It has also become established in the vicinity of 

 Boston and at Amherst, Mass., and Burlington, Vt. Other locali- 

 ties are Washington, D. C; Michigan Agricultural College; Car- 

 son City, Nevada, and Palo Alto, California. 



Injuries and characteristics. The injurious nature of this 

 bark-louse in our latitude has been abundantly demonstrated the 

 past few years in cpnjunction with the work of the elm-leaf 

 beetle. The affected trees are easily recognized in midsummer 

 by their blackened appearance, caused by a growth of the fungus, 

 Coniotheckim saccharinum Peck, in the honey dew covering the 

 foliage, limbs and the ground beneath. In sunlight, the minute 

 drops of the secretion may be seen falling in showers from the 

 clusters of insects, giving an idea of what a drain this species is 

 upon the vitality of the elm. The limbs which have harbored 



