134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



able they came in contact with a northern bird more exactly filling 

 the requirements than any southern one that can be named. The 

 likeness was not a success. Besides the deep bill this pipe has the 

 raised eyes frequently found in pipes of the i6th century, while the 

 grooves and dots on the front of the bowl attest its Iroquois char- 

 acter, although made before the league was formed. The length 

 is nearly 4^ inches. 



Fig. 220 is another curious and probably early Jefferson county 

 pipe. The singular decoration on one side of the face has been 

 called a military hat, and was probably suggested by a head dress 

 of some kind. There are the usual grooves on the front of the 

 bowl^ and a face appears tow^ard the rear, on one side of which is 

 a broad half-circular appendage, ornamented with dots and inden- 

 tations neatly arranged. Dots appear about the face. It is not a 

 large pipe^ being about 3 inches long. 



Fig. 221 is another odd pipe from Jefferson county, which has 

 lost part of the plain and curved stem, and is now hardly 3J inches 

 long. The bowl is oblong, having some resemblance to a black- 

 smith's anvil at the broad and unequally projecting rim. In the 

 center of the bowl is an expansion, with vertical grooves and dots, 

 and faces in relief before and behind. This part varies but little 

 from some other forms, but the projecting rim is a striking feature. 



The Iroquoian character of the early inhabitants of Jefferson 

 county, in the main^ plainly appears from many of their pipes, and 

 while some of these are of an earlier type, many of them can scarcely 

 be distinguished from those of the 17th century. There are 

 reasons for supposing the early Onondagas came thence about the 

 time of the beginning of the long Huron war, as the Mohawks left 

 the St Lawrence at the same time. About that time, also, several 

 novelties were introduced into pipe-making in New York, as well 

 as in the decoration of earthenware. The evidence for this is clear. 

 One reason for this was in the change of location; another in the 

 new and close contact of the several nations who met to form and 

 perpetuate the Iroquois league; another still in their adoption of 

 foreign captives, who brought new arts to the homes of the vic- 

 tors. The change affected the Cayugas and Senecas less, because 



