6 DE. A. SMITH WOODWAED 0>s' A [vol. Ixxiii^ 



depth of the crown and its gradual passage into the root, it agrees- 

 Avith the human tooth and differs from that of the Chimpanzee, in 

 which the crown is very brachyodont and overhangs the root. As- 

 a human moh\r it is unusual in the feebleness of its cruciform fis- 

 sure, and in the presence of the slight depression on the crown 

 behind the postero-internal and fifth cusps ; but both these features 

 are approached in the Melanesian tooth selected for comparison 

 (PL 1, fig. 6 a). In the antero-posterior elongation of the crown 

 and in the characters just mentioned, it obviously resembles the 

 corresponding tooth of the Chimpanzee (fig. S a) ; but the cusjds in 

 the latter are so bi-achyodont that much larger areas of dentine are 

 exposed when they are worn down to the level reached in the fossil. 

 These comparisons are made because it has been stated that the 

 molar teeth in the Piltdown mandible are those of a Chimpanzee ^ : 

 reference to the teeth of other knoAvn Apes is not necessary. 



The following are the extreme measurements (in millimetres) 

 of the teeth taken between the convexities of the sides : — 



Melanesian. Tasmanian. Neir Tooth. Chimjyanzee, 



Length 13 13 13 12 



Width 11-5 11-5 11 10-5 



The following are similar measurements of the two lower molars- 

 in the original specimen of JEoanthropus dawsoni: — 



Length 12-5 13 



Width 11 11-5 



From the new facts now described it seems reasonable to conclude 

 that Eoantlirojyus dawsoni will eventually prove to be as definite 

 and distinct a foi-m of early Man as was at first supposed ; for 

 the occurrence of the same type of frontal bone Avith the same 

 type of lower molar in two separate localities adds to the jH-obability 

 that they belonged to one and the same species. 



Again I have to thank the Lord of the Manor. Mr. Gr. M. Maryon 

 Wilson, and the tenant of Barkham, Mr. Kobert Kenward, for 

 facilities in continuing the exploration of the Piltdown gravel-pit. 

 I am also indebted to Mr. C. G. Turner, of Cckfield. for much 

 kind service. Finally, I desire to thank my colleague, Mr, W. P. 

 Pycraft, A.L.S., for his valuable help in making comparisons with 

 the osteological collection under his charge. 



^ G. S. Miller, '■ The Jaw of the Piltdo^^^l Man " Smithson. Miscell. Collect, 

 vol. Ixv, No. 12 (1915). Endorsed by W. K. Gregory, 'Studies on the Evolu- 

 tion of the Primates ' Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxxv (1916) pp. 313-20. 

 Replied to by W. P. Pvcraft. • The Jaw of the Piltdown Man ' Science Progress, 

 No. 43 (1917) pp. 389-409. 



