12 



NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Treatment: spray young with kerosene emulsion or whale oil 

 fioap solution. 



Fig. 12 Scale insects: a apple tree bark louse; h scurfy bark louse; c San Jose scale; d male 

 of same; e English oyster scale; /Putnam's scale (original) 



15 Scurfy bark louse (Chionaspis furfurue). The whit- 

 ish, scurfy scales occur on the bark of fruit trees. The purplish 

 eggs remain under the old scales all winter, the young appearing 

 about June 1. A widely distributed scale insect which is some- 

 times so abundant as literally to coat the trunk of a tree and give 

 it the appearance of having been whitewashed. It is confined 

 largely to fruit trees. 



Treatment: spray young with kerosene emulsion or whale oil 

 soap solution. 



16 San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus). A small 

 circular scale with a central nipple. It is not readily seen unless 

 very abundant. Infests many trees and shrubs. The specimens 

 show variations in the appearance of the scales and how it may be 

 disseminated by budding. The young appear from early June till 

 cold weather. A very prolific and dangerous species. 



Treatment: destroy badly infested trees, specially if young, and 

 spray others thoroughly with 20;^ mechanical emulsion of 

 crude petroleum just before the buds start in the spring. Kero- 

 sene emulsion or whale oil soap solution may be used in the same 

 way, but neither has proved equally effective. The last two are 

 recommended for summer treatment from the time the young ap- 

 pear, using l{)fc kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap at the rate of 

 1 pound to 4 gallons of water, and applying at intervals of about 

 10 days till the middle of September. Small trees can be fumi- 

 gated with hydrocyanic acid gas with excellent results, using 1 



