46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Hellebore (fresh) 1 ounce, water 3 gallons. May also be applied 

 dry. In the latter event it should be mixed with flour several 

 hours before it is used. 



Pyrethrum or insect powder (fresh) 1 ounce, water 3 gallons. 

 It may be used dry diluted with flour, and should then be mixed 

 several hours before it is used. 



Kerosene emulsion. ^ pound hard soap, 1 gallon boiling water, 

 2 gallons kerosene, dissolve soap in water, add kerosene and 

 emulsify. Or, for limestone regions, 2 gallons kerosene, 1 gallon 

 sour milk; emulsify. Dilute 4-25 times before using. A 10^ 

 mechanical kerosene emulsion may be used in place of either of 

 the above. 



Petroleum emulsion. A 20^ mechanical emulsion of crude petro- 

 leum can be applied to fruit trees just before the buds start with- 

 out injury, and it will result in killing most, if not all, San Jos^ 

 scale, provided the application has been thorough. 



Whale oil soap. IJ to 2 pounds to 1 gallon of water for winter 

 use, 1 pound to at least 4 gallons water for summer use. 



Ivory soap. 5 cent cake to 8 gallons water is perhaps the best 

 solution that can be used on house plants for scale insects,. plant 

 lice, etc. 



Hot water, tobacco in solution or as dust are valuable contact 

 insecticides. 



Washes for borers. 1 pint crude carbolic acid (J pint refined), 1 

 gallon soft soap, thin with 1 gallon hot water, stir in acid, let it 

 set over night, then add 8 gallons soft water. Or to a saturated 

 solution of washing soda add soft soap to make a thick paint; this 

 is improved by 1 pint crude carbolic acid and -| pound paris green 

 to 10 gallons of wash. Or in 6 gallons saturated solution of wash- 

 ing soda, dissolve 1 gallon soft soap, add 1 pint carbolic acid, mix 

 thoroughly, slake enough lime in 4 gallons water, so that when 

 added, a thick whitewash will result, then add J pound paris green, 

 mix thoroughly. The latter is probably the best. Valuable only 

 to prevent egg-laying on bark. 



Fumigation. Most valuable for young nursery stock and for 

 grains. Cyanid of potassium (98fo pure) 1 ounce, commercial sul 



