KEY TO LAND MAMMALS OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA 8l 



Rangifer terraenovae Bangs Newfoundland caribou 



1896 Rangifer terraenovae Bangs, Preliminary description of the 

 Newfoundland caribou, Nov. 11, 1896. p. 2. (Codroy Newfoundland) 



1898 Rangifer tarandus terraenovae Lydekker, The deer of all 

 lands, p. 45. 

 General color drab; bead and neck paler, tlie muzzle and a large patch 



including eye conspicuously ivhitish ; legs whitish for some distance above hoofs; 



horns large and heavy, the prongs mostly pointing forward and inward. 



(terraenovae; N. Lat., of Newfoundland) 



The Newfoundland caribou is confined to the island of Newfound- 

 land, from which it never crosses to the mainland. It is the largest 

 species of caribou of eastern North America. 



Rangifer arcticus (Richardson) Barren ground caribou 



1829 Cervus tarandus var. arcticus Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Ameri- 



cana. 1: 241. (Barren grounds of arctic America) 

 1896 Rangifer arcticus Allen, Bull. Am. mus. nat. hist. 20 Nov. 1896. 



8: 234. 

 1898 Rangifer tarandus arcticus Lydekker, The deer of all lands, 



p. 47. 

 General color light brown ; bead and neck paler^ the muzzle and a large patch 

 about eye conspicuously whitish ; legs whitish for some distance above hoofs, 

 horns very long and slender, the ])rongs mostly pointing inward ; size small, the 

 female scarcely larger than a sheep. (Arcticus; Lat., arctic) 



The barren ground caribou occurs in the treeless arctic regions of 

 extreme northern America. Within our limits it is confined to the barrens 



of Labrador. 



Genus Alces Jardine 



1835 Alces Jardine, The naturalists library, 21 (mammalia; deer, ante- 

 lope, camels, etc.) : 125. Type Cervus alces Linnaeus. 

 Horns very greatly flattened and expanded; muzzle broad and elongated ; a small 

 naked spot between nostrils. (Alces; Lat., an elk) 



The genus Alces, which contains the old world elk and the American 

 moose, the largest living members of the deer family, is represented by- 

 one species within our limits. 



Alces americanus Jardine Eastern moose 



1835 Alces americanus Jardine, The naturalists library, 21 (mammalia 



deer, antelope, camels, etc.) ; 125. (Eastern Canada) 

 1898 Alces machlis Lydekker, The deer of all lands, p. 52. (part) 



Dark brown, blackening on belly and paler on legs, shoulders and muzzle ; 

 hight at shoulders about 2000 (6 ft) ; spread of antlers, 1700 (5 ft), circumference 

 of antler above bur, 215 (8^). (americanus; N. Lat., American) 



The moose is an inhabitant of forests in the Canadian zone and lower- 

 most edge of the Hudsonian zone. It is now exterminated in the east- 



