370 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



of these much reduced in size. Fig. 219 is similar, and has an or- 

 nament attached. These are all from graves in Pompey and are 

 in the Bigelow collection. When taken from graves, there is often 

 more or less of a coating of a brown substance, perhaps from con- 

 tact with the flesh. This appears on several of these. As a stand- 

 ard of measurement the extreme width of the largest gorget on 

 this plate is 5.25 inches. Where beads are as slender as these all 

 traces of the species are usually obliterated, and many of them may 

 have been made by the colonists for the Indian trade, all of these 

 slender ones being recent. They are frequent on, many sites and 

 are quite uniform in character. 



Fig. 115 is a good example of this class from East Cayuga, 

 It is 4.75 inches long and well polished. The harder shells often 

 retain this polish, while the softer easily corrode. Others were 

 found with this one. Fig. 127 has a similar polish, but is much 

 shorter and less slender. It came from Geneva. Fig. 131 is one 

 of four very long beads from Pompey. It is 5 inches long. Fig. 

 132 is 4 inches long, and is but one of a number of this size from 

 the same town. They are so closely alike that no more illustra- 

 tions are needed here. 



Much more interesting individually, and often more antique, are 

 the ruder columella beads. Fig. 11 1 is from the noted Palatine 

 Bridge graves, and from association seems quite early, though its 

 character is less antique. Apparently it was made from F u 1 g u r 

 c a r i c a , but a similar bead with it was of Busycon per- 

 v e r s u m. There were also shells of Melampus biden- 

 tatus, a small marine marsh species. Fig. no much resembles 

 these, and was found by the writer on a site on Seneca river^ prob- 

 ably not far from 350 years old. Fig. 108 is from a similar site 

 north of the last and just across the river. It was found in 1893. 

 Both these are nearly of the same age and are made of F u 1 g u r 

 carica. Fig. 118 is of the same material, but has a more 

 definite date. It was found at the Onondaga fort west of Caze- 

 novia, and therefore is about 300 years old. It is doubtful whether 

 Busycon perversum had reached that vicinity so early. 



The finest columella beads have come from Cayuga county, and 



