yj2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



beads from Pompey, which are ornamented with encircling grooves. 

 This is a rare feature in shell, though frequent in bone ornaments. 

 Fig. 29 is a polished cylindric bead from Geneva. 



There are many small beads aside from the common wampum. 

 The oldest known closely resembling the modern wampum was 

 found by the writer on the fort site west of Cazenovia in 1896. 

 Fig. 261 represents this bead, which seems of Indian work, but 

 possibly bored with metallic tools. The perforation is large, but 

 nearly uniform. Fig. 81 shows another small^ polished bead from 

 this site, about double the length of the last, and also made from 

 a small columella. Though the date of these is about 1600, A, D. 

 they suggest some contact with Indians already having European 

 tools. Fig. 260 is from Oneida Castle, resembling others except 

 in its truncate form. Fig. 85 is elliptic in outline and comes from 

 Munnsville. Fig. 259 is similar but more pointed. It is from In- 

 dian hill, Pompey. Fig. 258 was found by the writer at the same 

 place, as well as fig. 82, which is constricted in the center, much 

 like a dumb-bell. This was obtained in 1893. These five are all 

 recent beads. Globular forms are found, but the council wampum 

 was that commonly used. The next two are also recent. Fig. 265 

 is a fine angular form from the town of Venice. Fig. 267 is also 

 angular,, but quite flat. It is from the McClure site, Ontario county. 



Runtees 



Mr Holmes considers the large and familiar disks, so widely dis- 

 tributed, beads rather than pendants. He is correct in this, for 

 several strings of these have been found just as they were deposited 

 with the dead. The strings had decayed, but the ornaments- were 

 undisturbed. H. R. Schoolcraft described these in his Notes on the 

 Iroquois, p. 233. He said of one kind, that " this article is gen- 

 erally found in the form of an exact circle, rarely a little ovate- 

 It has been ground down and repolished, apparently, from the 

 conch. Its diameter varies from f of an inch to 2 inches; thickness^ 

 -To- in the center, thinning out a little toward the edges. It is 

 doubly perforated. It is figured on the face and its reverse with. 

 two parallel latitudinal and two longitudinal lines crossing in its- 



