508 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



interior of the state. It is probable that the graptolitie fauna 

 was prevented from spreading over the interior of the state by 

 some such barrier as subsequently excluded the interior con- 

 tinental fauna of this period [Hudson river period] from the 

 valley of the. Hudson". -This combined with the statement that 

 the upper or true Lorraine fauna has not been found to the east 

 of Utica (p. 347)/ leaves only the faunas of the upper Utica and 

 of the Frankfort shales to the Hudson river region. Thus ac- 

 cording to Walcott the upper Utica is represented by the fauna 

 discovered by Beecher near the old Dudley observatory, that of 

 the Frankfort shale»s or of the lower division of the Lorraine 

 formation is known from the shales of Waterford, and in the 

 upper part of the former or the lower part of the latter the 

 Normains kill fauna is to be placed. 



In accordance with this conception of the divisions of the Hud- 

 son river shales and sandstones in the Hudson river valley, the 

 term " Hudson '^ was proposed ^^ for the series of shales between 

 the Trenton limestone and the superjacent Upper Silurian rocks". 



In the discussion following the reading of this paper Prof. Hall 



expressed his full concurrence with the results obtained by Mr 



Walcott. 



H. M. Ami 



It is an interesting fact that, as seen again from this paper, 

 whenever the New York geologists had occasion to assign the 

 Normans kill zone in the series of the New York rocks, they gave 

 it a position within or above the Utica terrane, while the geolo- 

 gists who were studying the fauna of the same zone in Canada, 

 Billings, Logan and Lapworth, invariably placed it below the 

 Utica shale. This attitude of the two schools is still more em- 

 phasized by the next student of the graptolite faunas of Canada, 

 Henry M. Ami (38). 



Ami makes the following interesting remarks: 



Before assigning a definite position to the rocks of Quebec city 

 in the scale of terranes in America, it is necessary for the writer 

 to state that so far he has been unable to find any evidence in 

 the field, either stratigraphic or pal eonto logic, whereby the 

 Hudson river rocks and Lorraine shales, as originally understood 



