AlaO, 





KaO 





FeaOs 



MgO 



Na,0 



H.S SO. 



1.62 



.79 



.03 



• ••• •••• 



2.44 



• • • • 



. . . 



• ••• •••• 



7.28 



1.04 



.03 



• ••• •••• 



1.1 



.86 



.05 



• ••• •••• 



1.2 



.7 



.06 



• • • • • i-O 



1.52 



.92 



.01 



• ••• •••• 



5.8 



• • • • 



• • • 



.... tr 



7.6 



2.19 



.03 



• ••• •••• 



8.8 



1.24 



.05 



much much 



13 



2.24 



.06 



• ••• •••• 



2 



.74 



.03 



• ••• •••• 



656 NEW YOEK STATE MUSEUM 



loss in sugar. A limestone to be used in sugar manufacture 

 must not have more than .25^ alkalis. 



The following are analyses of limes used hj German beet sugar 

 manufacturers.^ 



CaO 



Limhamn, Sweden ... 95 . 6 



Plymouth, Eng 95.22 



Gogolin, Ger. (?) 89.82 



Gr. ELunzendorf, Ger. 96.66 



Ober-Kauffung, Ger... 97.72 



Kosen, Ger 97 



Osterwiek 93.06 



Lauffen 90.12 



Atzendorf 89.04 



Borne 78.24 



Eiidersdorf 94.76 



It will be noticed from the above analyses that in most of the 

 samples the percentage of lime is over 90^, though in some it is 

 under 80/*^. Another noticeable feature is the low percentage of 

 both magnesia and alkalis, specially the latter. One shows the 

 presence of much HgS and another of appreciable amounts of 

 SO3. 



It is the custom for beet sugar manufacturers to burn their 

 lime themselves, for the reason that the carbon dioxid gas is also 

 used in the process. For the production of the best results, it 

 is therefore important that the limestone shall be of proper qual- 

 ity, and the burning conducted in the right manner. 



Silica is a deleterious impurity, as it not only causes the stone 

 to fuse but also lowers the amount of lime and carbon dioxid 

 produced to each ton of stone used. This latter point is of course 

 true with regard to any other impurities which may be present. 



Too little fuel should also be avoided, as it decreases the amount 

 of COg produced. The stone used should be compact and hard. 

 An excess of moisture, as 5/^ or over, should not be present, as 

 it reduces the temperature of the kiln when first charged. Stones 



1 Thondindustrie zeitung. 1897. p. 1165. 



