696 NEW YOKK STATE MUSEUM 



According to Lewis^ tlie principal Portland cement plants in 

 operation in the United States in 1897 together with their dates 

 of establishment were: 



Company Brand Locality Established 



Coplay cem. co Saylors, Commercial. . Coplay Pa 1875 



J. K. Shinn & Bfo Wampum Wampum Pa 1876 



Millen & Sons Millen South Bend Ind.. . 1877 



Millen & Sons Millen Wayland N. Y. . .. 1891 



Amer. cem. CO Giant and Egypt Egypt Pa 1884 



Amer. cem. co Giant \ Jordan N. Y 1891 



Emp. port. cem. co Empire Warner N. Y. ... 1886 



Atlas cem. co. Atlas Coplay Pa 1889 



Alpha port. cem. co Alpha Whitaker N. J. . . 1891, a'94 



West. port. cem. co Western Yankton S. D. ... 1890 



Buckeye cem. co Buckeye Belief ontaine . . . 1892 



Sandusky cem. co Medusa Sandusky 1893 



Diam. port. cem. co Diamond Middlebranch . . 1893, a '97 



Bonneville cem. co Star Siegfrieds Br. Pa. 1894 



Vulcanite cem. CO A'ulcanite Vulcanite N. J.... 1895 



Glens Falls cem. co Iron Clad Glens Falls N. Y. . 1895 



Bronson port. cem. co. . . . Bronson Bronson Mich. . . . 1897 



White Cliffs port. cem. co . . Setter Whitecliff Ark . . . 1897 



a Rebuilt. 



Additional works have been started at Coldwater and Union 

 City (Mich.), Smiths Landing (:N'. Y.), La Salle (111.), Litchfield 

 (Ky.), and besides these there are several smaller ones. Accord- 

 ing to Mr Le^vis the total capacity of the American works is 

 about 3,000,000 barrels, of which 70^ comes from the Lehigh 

 valley region of western Pennsylvania and eastern I^ew Jersey. 



Composition of American Portland cements 



The American Portland cements are made from a variety of 

 materials which resemble each other chemically rather than geo- 

 logically. As the cement is made from artificial mixtures, it is 

 frequently possible to use many different grades of limestone and 

 clay-bearing rocks. Though Portland cement is made at many 

 places and from material of widely different character, Portland 

 cement materials are not so very numerous. The alumina and 

 silica are commonly supplied by clay, sometimes shale; and the 

 lime carbonate from limestone or marl. 



According to the United States geological survey,^ the number 

 of factories using limestone or marl is as follows. 



1 Min. ind. 6: 94. 



« 20th an. rep't. U. S. geol. sur. pt 6, p 545. 



