T72 NEW YOKK STATE MUSEUM 



While the stone at South Bethlehem is used chiefly for road 

 material, it could also be used in the manufacture of lime, or 

 Portland cement, for it does not contain an excess of silica. 

 Lying as the material does in close proximity to the clay deposits 

 under the Quaternary terrace, it could be well utilized for cement 

 manufacture. 



Curiously enough, however, the limestones of Albany county 

 are but little employed. A partial reason for this may be the 

 great hight and steepness of the escarpment which they form, 

 such conditions interfering somewhat with economic quarrying. 



There are several quarries at Ravena and one at Aquetuck. 



Cayng-a county 



Extending as it does in a north and south direction, Cayuga 

 county includes several limestone-bearing formations, viz the 

 Upper Helderberg, Lower Helderberg, Magara, and Clinton. 



The Upper Helderberg limestone extends across the county in 

 a northeasterly direction from Union Springs to Auburn, and 

 thence eastward. It is divisible into three members, viz the Onon- 

 daga, the Cornif erous and the Seneca limestones. The Onondaga 

 is some times spoken of as the gray Onondaga stone, and the last 

 member as the Seneca bluestone. 



At Union Springs there are three quarries, all of them in the 

 Seneca bluestone, operated by J. Shalebo, B. P. Smith and 

 G-. P. "Wood. The stone is used chiefly for building purposes, but 

 some of it runs quite high in carbonate of lime. The following^ 

 represents the average composition of the largest quarry which 

 is east of the town, and about one mile from the lake. In the 

 quarries on the southern edge of the town, the stone is rather 

 free from impurities in the lower layers, but the upper ones often 

 show a transition to the Marcellus, and in one or two sections a 

 layer of the Goniatite limestone is observable. Plat© 29 shows 

 the Corniferous limestone quarry at Union Springs. 



At Auburn both the Corniferous and the Onondaga members 

 are quarried. The latter is exposed in some of the smaller quar- 



' This analysis does not occur in tlie manuscript. Ed, 



