CHAPTEES ON THE CEMENT INDUSTRY 8G3 



Cayug^a Portland cement co. Prof, l^ewberry states* that this 

 company ^' is building works near Ithaca. The material will be 

 obtained from an outcrop of the Tully limestone and underlying 

 shales." These underlying shales are the Moscow shales of the 

 Hamilton group. They are rather highly calcareous, as shown 

 by bulk analysis; but the calcium carbonate which appears in 

 such an analysis would seem to be largely derived from the 

 contained fossils. If this be indeed the case, extremely fine 

 grinding and careful mixing will be necessary. The particular 

 combination of materials to be employed at this plant is new 

 to the state, and the operations here promise to be of much 

 technologic interest. 



Empire Portland cement co. In 1886 T. Millen & Sons com- 

 menced the manufacture of Portland cement at Warners, Onon- 

 daga CO. In 18=90 the plant was purchased by the Empire Port- 

 land cement co. and the works were almost entirely rebuilt, a 

 much larger output being secured by the improvements then 

 introduced. Since that date the plant has been in constant opera- 

 tion, with the exception of stops aggregating only some five or 

 six weeks in all, caused by fires. 



The materials used are marl and clay, obtained from a swamp 

 in the vicinity of Warners, the present workings being located 

 about f of a mile from the works. 



The marl bed covers an area of several hundred acres, of which 

 about 100 acres have already been excavated. 



A revolving derrick with clam-shell bucket is employed for 

 excavating the marl, the clay being dug by hand. 



The materials are taken to the works over a narrow gage rail- 

 way owned by the company, on cars carrying from three to five 

 tons each, drawn by a small locomotive. 



At the works the cars are hauled up an inclined track by 

 means of a cable and drum to the mixing floor. 



3 22d an. rep't director U. S. 2:eol. sur. pt 6, cont'd. Issued as a separate, 

 1001. 



