1 8 2 Lecaniince. 



from the body of the insect ; and, after the ecdysis, the small red- 

 dish pupa can be seen lying loosely beneath the test. The male 

 imago frees itself from the pupa and fully expands its wings while 

 still under cover. The long caudal filaments also (when present) 

 are secreted before the emergence of the insect. The imago 

 escapes backwards from beneath the hinder extremity of the test. 



The adult male {pi. IjyiW. figs, i, 2) of Lecanium differs from 

 that of the Diaspidince principally in the more marked separation 

 of the head from the thorax by a narrow neck. The thorax itself 

 is more compact, with the notal and sternal plates better defined. 

 The extremity of the body usually bears a pair of long white waxy 

 filaments, but in some species these are wanting. 



The terminal joint of the antenna {pi. \S¥A\.fig. 5) is blunt 

 and bears at its extremity 3 or more knobbed hairs. The eyes 

 {fig. A'b) ^re rudimentary, minute, and inconspicuous : the ocelli 

 {fig. yb and 4-^), large and prominent, four to eight in number. 

 The prothorax is comparatively short and is almost concealed above 

 by the prominent notal plates of the mesothorax. The scutellum 

 {fig. 2-g) is large, its posterior half more or less covered by the 

 softer parts of the segment. The sternal parts have not the 

 markedly backward inclination noticeable in the males of the 

 Diaspidince, The .segments of the abdomen arc ill-defined and 

 their boundaries not easily distinguishable. The first pair of 

 spiracles {fig. i-d) opens on the under surface, exterior to the 

 coxae of the first pair of legs. The second pair {fig. i-e) opens 

 laterally, immediately behind the second pair of legs. 



The wings {fig. 7) are ample ; broadly rounded at the apex. 

 I have been unable to distinguish halteres in any of the species 

 that I have examined, though Signoret shows these organs in his 

 figure of the male of L. genevense. There is, moreover, no well- 

 developed fold or pocket near the base of the inner margin of the 

 wing where the hook of the haltere would naturally engage. 



The legs are slender : the tibia {fig. Z-d) greatly elongated, and 

 the tarsus {fig. 8-^) comparatively short. 



The genital sheath {fig. l-f) is moderately long and stout, but 

 relatively shorter than in the Diaspidmce , with a sharply pointed 

 extremity. The caudal filaments, when present, spring from a 

 group of circular pores situated in a funnel-shaped pit on each 

 side of the penultimate segment fig. 6). Each filament is par- 

 tially supported by a pair of slender setae. There is often, on each 

 side, a pair of short, fleshy tassels or tubercles (//. LXXXII. fig. 5). 



