178 Lecanitncs. 



of the other joints. But when more than six joints occur, the 

 third (Jig. 9), or third and fourth {fig. 10), are often without 

 subapical hairs. These facts seem to indicate a primitive six- 

 jointed antenna, as is typical in the early stages. At the ex- 

 tremities of each joint there is usually a pale band, where the chitin 

 is less dense, to allow of flexion ; but, in some cases, these bands 

 are absent, the two joints being immovably fused. 



A series of four small hairs are usually present between the 

 bases of the antenna; {pi. l^'Kl.fig. i-b). 



The mouth parts (//. LXI. fig. 2) are of normal type, and 

 differ but little from thjse of the Diaspidince. The rostrum (a) 

 consists of a chitinous cradle, closed in front and behind by a thin 

 membranous plate, the ventral half of which is supposed to repre- 

 sent the clypeus, or clypeus and labrum combined (Berlese). In 

 the upper part are four large apertures, viz., an anterior (ventral) 

 and posterior (dorsal), and two lateral apertures. The mentmn (b) 

 is monomerous, consisting of a single piece, infolded till the edges 

 meet to form a groove, at the apex of which is an orifice through 

 which the rostral sets are exserted. The bases of the four setae 

 are separate, and ari.'C in the large lateral apertures of the chitinous 

 cradle (/>/. \JYA. fig. 2-a). They meet, near the extremity of the 

 clypeus, as fine contiguous hairs. When retracted, they rest in a loop 

 in a sac {c) in the body cavity below the mentum. A strap-shaped 

 process {b) [the hypopharynx, according to Berlese] projects upwards 

 from between the setae through the anterior aperture of the cradle. 



The legs are usually completely developed, with distinct joints ; 

 though a few species {e.g., expansuin) are apodous. The trochanter 

 commonly bears a single longish stout hair. Foot with four digi- 

 tules, of which the tarsals (fig. i^-b) are fine knobbed hairs, and 

 unguals {fig. lyd) spatulate or broadly dilated. 



The spiracles open on the under surface, at some distance from 

 the margin. The first pair {fig. i-d),]ust exterior to the coxae of 

 the anterior legs. The second pair {fig. i-e), at a pair about half 

 way between the co.xae of the median and posterior legs. 



The stigmatic clefts {fig. i-fi) are marginal, shallow: usually 

 containing three or more stout spines. 



An irregular row of small glandular pores (or spinnerets) tfig. 

 i-c) extends from the stigmatic cleft to the corresponding spiracle. 



There is usually a pair of stout hairs, near the median line, on 

 each of three or four abdominal segments immediately above the 

 genital orifice {fig. i-g). 



