EUXOA. By W. Wabrjsn. 23 



grey, the basal half darker; hindwing grey, paler towards base; fringe whitish: face pale grey, thorax and 

 abdomen darker; wings short and broad; scaling smooth. 1 ? from Haifa, Syria, November 1902 (Lange). 



M. commixta spec. nor. (4i). Forewing grey, densely black-speckled, with a few greenish scales; commixta. 

 lines and stigmata much obscured, the latter filled in with dull greyish olive; fringe paler; hindwing pale grey, 

 whiter towards base; face white; thorax thickly black-speckled: 1 $, I c? from Kuliab province, N.Afghanistan; 

 :}■_' mm. In the cT the apex of forewing is whitish. 



The 3 following species agree with mucoids in having the ciliations of the antennae of the ? much longer. 



M. precisa spec. nor. Forewing bone-colour, suffused with pale rufous and dusted with dark scales; piecisa. 

 the markings olive fuscous; costa with large dark spots; inner line waved, nearly vertical; outer excurved 

 between veins 6 and 2; submarginal line preceded by an irregular dark shade forming a blotch on costa; 

 marginal lunules blackish; the pale fringe with dark chequering; orbicular stigma round; the reniform a 

 precise figure of 8; hindwing whitish, with distinct grey cellspot, outer line and submarginal shade. Underside 

 of forewing smeared with fuscous ; hindwing dusted with fuscous along costa only, with a large dark cell- 

 spot and an outer line from costa to midwing; tarsi spotted with black. — Expanse 24 mm. A good series 

 of both sexes from Mazagan. Morocco (W. Riggenbach), October 1902, in the Tring Museum. 



M. sabulosa spec. nor. (4i). Forewing sandy grey with a slight olive tint; lines and stigmata sabutosa. 

 illdetined, olive-fuscous; inner line oblique, dark-spotted on costa and inner margin; outer line as usual, 

 but only clear in lower half: a diffuse cloud beyond basal line, a diffuse median shade, and a slight dark 

 submarginal shade; orbicular stigma small, round; reniform with dark outer edge; a row of dark marginal 

 lunules: fringe concolorous: hindwing dull whitish, with coarse grey speckling towards outer margin; fringe 

 white ; head . thorax and abdomen sandy grey ; underside of body and wings and the legs creamy white 

 without markings; 1 ? from Gauden. Askhabad, Kopet-Dagh, of 30 mm expanse, in the Tring Museum. 



M. pulverosa spec. nov. (4i). Forewing pale dusty grey; inner and outer lines crenulate, dark grey, pulverosa. 

 edged with paler: orbicular stigma blackish, rounded; reniform almost obsolete; marginal area darker grey, 

 the submarginal line faint; hindwing dull whitish, like underside of both wings; 1 cf , 8 ?¥, from the Goorais 

 Valley. Kashmir; May, June 1887; in the Tring Museum. 



3. Subfamily: Euxoinae. 



In the arrangement of the more typical Noctuae it has seemed advisable to follow in the main, but with 

 certain necessary modifications, the system employed by Sir G. F. Hampson in the fourth Volume of the Lepidoptera 

 I'halaenae in the British Museum; first, as being the latest and therefore presumably the most up-to-date attempt; 

 secondly, because, whatever objections maybe made to it, it proceeds on definite consistent lines. Thus the present 

 subfamily, the Euxoinae will be characterised primarily be the presence of spines, not claws, on the tibiae. In the 

 great majority of species all the tibiae are spined, and in some cases the spines of the fore tibiae are very strong; 

 these are placed first, followed by those in which the spines are weaker and less developed; then come, the genera 

 in which first the spines of the fore tibiae are wanting and next those of the middle tibiae, till in the final species 

 only a few spines are to be found on the hind tibiae only; in proportion as the spines of the tibiae disappear, their 

 place is taken by fringes of hair. 



A second characteristic is that the large rounded eyes are, except in a few genera towards the end, naked, 

 neither haired themselves, nor surrounded by cilia. 



The irons is either smooth or uneven ; in the first case it is either flat or slightly rounded ; in the second it 

 shews either two rounded cheeks or else a sligtly projecting point in the middle, or a combination of these two; or the 

 central prominence is developed into a roughened mamilla, generally round, but sometimes vertically lengthened; 

 or into a craterlike projection with roughened rim. The last is made by Hampson the characteristic of the genus 

 Euxoa. and the lengthened ridge of Felbin ; but in as much as the different modifications vary much in development, 

 and are liable to be merged imperceptibly into one another, two or three phases of development sometimes occurring 

 with in the limits of the same species, it" seems sufficient to include under one genus Euxoa, all the species showing 

 an unevenly protuberant frons. Similarly the 3 genera Agrotis, Epipsilia and Lycophotia, all characterised by the smooth 

 frons. but separated by Hampson mainly by differences in the vestiture of the thorax, will be merged into one genus. 



The differences in antennal structure are employed mainly for sectional subdivision. The palpi are of 

 moderate length, usually upcurved, more rarely porrect. The tongue and the frenulum are always present. The 

 neuration is consistently "simple and uniform, but in all cases vein 5 of the hindwing is obsolescent, a false, not a true vein. 



The larvae are smooth, not hairy, the tubercles bearing each a single bristle, with all the prolegs present : 

 feeding by night and concealed by day. Puliation is subterranean, without cocoon. 



20. Genus: Euxoa Hbn. 



This is characterised by the protuberant frons, bearing typically a central crater-shaped prominence; 

 the spines of the tibiae, especially of the fore tibiae, are stout and well-developed. It is divisible into 

 5 sections: in the first the antennae of the J 1 are bipectinated to apex; in the second the apical third is 

 serrate: in section 3 the segments of the antennae end in pedicellate fascicles of cilia, the apical third 

 being sen-ate: in the fourth the segments end in tuberculate or serrate fascicles; in the fifth the antennae 

 are simply ciliated or pubescent. 



