GHAMAEPORA. By W. Wabbbk. 17 



vaarae Hoffm.) (3f) has the forewing more dusted with black atoms, so as to obscure the markings; in ab. 

 si mi lis Hait: the forewing is darker, with two dark waved lines from costa; ab. menyanthidis Haw. nee similis. 

 Hbn. is paler with the (//-like mark strongly developed. Larva black with reddish orange tubercles bearing menyan- 

 fascicles of reddish hairs: head and plate on second segment black; the summer brood fullfed in July; the thld,s - 

 second brood hybernates. 



C. euphorbiae F. (= cyparissiae ¥ Hbn.) (3g). Forewing grey dusted with darker; orbicular stigma euphorbiae. 

 close beyond inner line; hindwing white in cf, fuscous in ¥ with pale cilia; not common; occurring all over 

 Europe, in Asia Minor, Armenia and Siberia, in May and July. ■ The ab. montivaga Guen. (3g) is a moun- montivaga. 

 tain form, with darker, bluer grey forewings, occurring in the Alps and in Norway. — ab. myricae Guen. myricae. 

 (3h), occurring in the Scotch and Irish mountains is still darker, with narrower, more pointed forewings, 

 but not smaller as Staudinger states; the larva feeding on sweetgale, heath and sallow, and single brooded. 

 — ab. euphrasiae Brahm (? = paradoxa Bsd) (3h), which appears to be the commoner form in France and euphrasiae. 

 S. W. Europe, is paler than the type and more luteous; — lastly, ab. esulae Hbn. (= abscondita TV.) (3h) esulae. 

 is a quite, small form, with the markings obscured. — paradoxa Bsd., overlooked by Staudinger but referred paradoxa. 

 by Guenee to candelisequa Esp. as a form of aceris, appears rather to be synonymous with ab. euphrasiae of 

 this species, especially as Boisduval states that the larva is total]}' different from that of aceris and is found 

 commonly feeding on Rhus coriaria in the Provence. Larva black; tubercles with fascicles of dark and pale 

 hairs; line below spiracles and a band on third segment orange-red; a subdorsal row of irregular yellowish 

 white spots: head black; feeds up in autumn on Euphorbia and other low plants. 



C. lutea Brew, and Grey (3h). Forewing pale and dark grey; the markings much as in dlgnu Btlr' lutea. 

 (= michael Obertk.); hindwing yellowish strawcolour, with broad blackish marginal border and yellow 

 fringe (in those specimens of digna which have the hindwings luteous white the fringe is always white) ; 

 originally recorded by Bremer and Grey from N. China, and subsequently by Bremer alone from E. Siberia; 

 occurring also in Japan and Gorea. — Larva, according to Graeser, something like that of rumicis, but 

 larger and brighter, reddish yellow; feeding up in July, on low plants. 



C. menyanthidis View. (3i). Forewing bluish white, dusted and shaded with dark grey; a short menyan- 

 black streak from near base; marginal area darker, sometimes blackish, grey; orbicular stigma quite small; thidts. 

 occurs on mountain moorlands in May and June in Europe and Siberia. — Larva black or brownish black; 

 tubercles with fascicles of black or brownish hairs; a red lateral line below spiracles; head black; fullfed 

 in autumn, on sweetgale, heath and sallows. — In the ab. suffusa Tittt (3i) the whole forewing is suffused suffusa. 

 with dark grey. — ab. obsoleta Tutt has the forewing quite pale with all markings faint; on the contrary obsoleta. 

 ab. scotica Tuff from the west coast of Scotland is larger and brighter than the type, with all markings scotica. 

 clear and distinct. 



C. radiata spec. nor. (31). Forewing pale grey, dusted with darker; lines blackish-edged on both radiata. 

 sides, the outer lunulate-dentate, followed by a broad dark shade, through which the black teeth of the 

 line are prolonged along the veins; the outer line is more remote from the outer margin than usual, and 

 the median area correspondingly lessened; orbicular stigma round, with black ring; reniform hidden between 

 median shade and inner edge of outer line, which it touches; fringe grey with darker spots; hindwing 

 whitish, the veins grey; fringe white with faint dark marginal spots; underside also whitish, grey-tinged; 

 costa of forewing with two black spots; hindwing with a partial grey central line; head, thorax, and 

 abdomen concolorous grey; antennae ligulate, broad and flattened. A single c n from Kuliab province, 

 Afghanistan, expanding 35 mm, is in the Tring Museum; it is distinguished from A. euphorbiae by the 

 different position of the outer line. 



C. rumicis /.. (3i). Forewing dark grey, varied in places with whitish; lines and shades black; rumicis. 

 outer line marked by a white spot on the submedian fold ; hindwings brownish fuscous ; common in summer 

 throughout the region, and apparently extraordinarily abundant in Japan and China. — Larva marbled 

 dark and light grey: a dorsal row of red spots on black blotches, and a row of white spots on each side; 

 a pale line below spiracles, containing orange-red tubercles; segments 5 and 12 of dorsum humped; tubercles 

 with fascicles of fuscous and fulvous hairs; fullfed in autumn, on various low growing plants. — turanica turanica. 

 Styr., a form from Central Asia, is much paler, with the hindwings whitish. — Chinese and Japanese 

 examples (3k) are larger than European and in all cases darker; in particular the lower half of forewing 

 is blacker and the white spot of outer line then often obscured ; possibly the scotch form figured by Curtis 

 as salicis, a melanic form, may represent this aberration , though the larva figured as belonging thereto is salicis. 

 unquestionably that of menyanthidis. — ab. alnoides Geest (3k) has the costal half of forewing grey, the alnoides. 

 inner half blackish, somewhat interrupted . with a strong black dagger-shaped mark at base and above anal 

 angle ; superficially resembles a dark grey aim ; recorded from Freiburg in Baden. — ab. euphorbiae bteph. euphorbiae. 

 nee Hbn. is grey brown, with the stigmata and space between them pale; and ab. euphrasiae Steph. nee euphrasiae. 

 Bnp. is pale yellowish grey with numerous black lines and the orbicular stigma faint or obsolete, occurring 

 in Cornwall. 



