BARATHEA; D1SCESTRA; CRATERESTRA. By. W. Wakbem. 67 



the pupal state, though a few hybemate partially or fully fed, and postpone their pupation until spring; they live 

 mainly on low growing plants and shrubs; but those of the concluding genera, Leucaniu and its allies, subsist solely 

 on Gramineaeeae. and their imagos are marked by narrower more elongated wings, by the paleness of their coloration, 

 and the greater simplicity of their markings, the usual transverse lines and stigmata being less developed and very 

 often absent, their place being taken by longitudinal shades. Tu many of these species the cfcf exhibit secondary 

 sexual characteristics, sometimes on the parts of the body, sometimes in the structure or scaling of the wings. 



1. Genus: Bai-atlivn Hbn, 



Tongue well-developed; frons smooth; palpi obliquely porrect, 2"' 1 segment hairy beneath, 3 l ' d small; 

 antennae of cf ciliated: thorax and abdomen with crests: separated from Poliu by the presence of a curved 

 spine or claw at end of foretibiae on the outer side. 



Type B. brassicae L. 



B. brassicae /-. (= albicolon Slph., nee Hbn., ochracea Tutt) (15 e). Forewing grey-brown varied brassicae. 

 with fuscous: lines pale, dark-edged; orbicular stigma rounded, reniform large, white-spotted, or filled in 



with white; hindwing brownish, with a paler mark near end of vein 2. - Common throughout Europe and 

 Asia: generally double-brooded. — The insect varies in opposite directions; -- ab. albidilinea Haw. (15 e) albidilinea. 

 is a blackish form with the reniform stigma and submarginal line white, occurring occasionally in Europe 

 as well as in Britain; — scotochroma Rob., a local German form, is melanic, with both wings blackish, scotochroma. 

 much like albidilinea, but without the white submarginal line; — unicolor Tutt (15 f) has all the markings, unicolor. 

 dark and light , more or less lost in the fuscous suffusion , the reniform edged only with whitish ; — on 

 the other hand andalusica Stgr. from Spain (? = straminea Failla-Ted., from Sicily and Italy) is pale grey- andaluska. 

 brown with a faint ochreous flush, darker grey in ?, with all markings obscured except the 3 stigmata 

 which are strikingly pale, with partial blackish outline, especially on their lower edge, the claviform some- 

 times grey; — decolorata Stgr. (15 f) from Issykkul and other localities in Central Asia is pale greyish decolorata. 

 brown, with the stigmata as in andalusica, but with the markings, especially r the submarginal ones, not 

 obsolete; — canescens Moore from Yarkand, which I have not seen, is, judging from the figure, very close canescens. 

 to, if not identical with, decolorata which it antedates by 10 years. Larva polyphagous, varying in 



ground colour from green to brown and blackish, with broad pale spiracular line; a dorsal hump on 

 segment 1 1 : feeding on all low plants. 



2. Genus: IMscestra Hamps. 



Distinguished from Folia by^ the frons bearing a truncate corneous prominence with strong semi- 

 circular plate below it in the middle; antennae of c? with short sessile fascicles of cilia. 



Type I), chartaria Grote, from N. America. 



D. eremistis Piing. (log). Forewing pale sandy grey, dusted with dark grey; blackish spots on eremistis. 

 costa at the origin of the lines, which are double; claviform stigma small, grey; upper stigmata pale; 

 orbicular round: reniform strongly black-edged below; hindwing dirty white, tinged with fuscous on veins 

 and at termen, with traces of a waved postmedian line. Transcaspia and Turkestan. — In the form vaciva vaciva. 

 Piing. the pale tints are still more developed. 



3. Genus: Craterestra Hamps. 



Frons with shorter prominence varying in shape and development, and without a prominent plate 

 below it: antennae of cf pubescent. 



Type C. lucina Bruce, from Central America. 



C. media Walk. ( = latifasciata Moore, viriata Swirih.) (15 f). Forewing wood-colour, central area, media. 

 diffusely, and marginal area beyond submarginal line concisely, fuscous brown; all three stigmata generally 



of the ground colour, in some cases paler, edged with black; the claviform followed by black scaling; 

 hindwing dingy whitish with brownish-grey marginal border. — A fairly common Indian insect, occurring 

 also in the Goorais Valley, Kashmir. Frontal prominence triangular, roughened, with a vertical ridge above. 



C. hoplites Stgr. (15 g). Forewing grey mixed with olive brown; black streaks below base of cell hoplites. 

 and on inner margin ; claviform stigma black-edged , large , pointed , reaching outer line ; the two upper 

 stigmata brown, with white and black rings, orbicular oblique, elliptical; ends of veins black, defined by 

 V-shaped white streaks, running out through the grey fringe; hindwing pale brown, outer half darker. — 

 Found in the Ural Mts.j Russia, and in W.Turkestan. — Frontal prominence heart-shaped with raised rim. 



