94 



HYPERIODES; HYPHILARE. By W. Warren. 



dark teeth of the marginal area: this is the commoner form in the North of Britain, of which the form 

 pallida, pallida Tutt is evidently an extreme development, the pale claviform, median vein, and two upper stigmata 

 grisea. coalescing to form a broad white band from base; -- grisea Spul. from N. Germany is a grey form with 

 the median area well-defined, and may be only an offshoot of gr amine its, which is not much known on 

 the continent. Widely spread through North and Central Europe; also in Armenia, Turkestan, and E. Siberia. — 

 Larva pale or dark bronze-brown above, yellowish ventrally: dorsal and subdorsal lines pale, dark-edged; 

 spiraeular line double, containing the black spiracles; thoracic and anal plates blackish, horny; at the roots 

 of grasses. 



megaia. C. megala Alph. (20 i). Forewing dull olive brown; the median and marginal areas darker; the 



submarginal line simply waved; orbicular stigma large, round, with dark centre; reniform large, curved, 

 white externally, trifid below along median and veins 3, 4; claviform obsolete; fringe concolorous; hind- 

 wing slightly paler than forewing, brownish, with the fringe brownish grey, not white. Armenia: W. and 

 E. Turkestan : much larger than graminis, the cfcf exceeding the size of the largest ?? of that species. 



The species composing the next 4 genera are remarkable on the whole for the comparative simplicity of 

 their coloration and markings ; the ground colour varying from ochreous to brown and the suffusion from grey to 

 rufous : the stigmata are often obsolete, and the lines reduced to series of spots on the veins ; in a large proportion 

 there is a tendency to series of light and dark longitudinal streaks. The larvae all feed on Gramineaceae, hibern- 

 ating and feeding up in the spring; in many cases, perhaps generally in warmer climates , there is a summer 

 brood as well. 



39. Genus: Hyperiodes 



nov. 



of both wings 



in the d 1 being clothed on the 



Distinguished from the following genera by the cell 

 underside with long shaggy hair, in the hindwing extending above the cell to costa; femora and tibiae 

 of <? fringed with long and dense hairs; the insects, as a rule, are larger and of stouter build; frequenting 

 woods rather than open marshes; the larvae feeding on species of Luzula. 



Type B. turca L. 



tuna. H. turca L. (= volupia Rott.) (23a). Forewing pale rufous ochreous, dappled throughout with 



rufous fuscous, and very finely dusted with black atoms; inner and outer lines dark, conversely oblique; 

 reniform stigma alone represented, forming a pale streak on discocellular, the lower end whiter, followed 

 by a slight dark cloud; hindwing rufous, suffused in varying degrees with fuscous; a fairly common species 

 occurring in Sweden, Britain, France, Germany, N. Italy, Russia; Armenia, Mongolia, Siberia, China, Corea, 

 limbata. and Japan; - ■ the form limbata Btlr. from Japan generally has the inner line of forewing more strongly 

 turcella. angled beneath costa, while the legs are more heavily tufted; — ab. turcella Slgr. from Dauria is smaller 

 and paler. — Larva yellowish grey, mottled with darker, especially in front; dorsal and subdorsal lines 

 pale ochreous; a dorsal series of dark streaks; spiracles with black rings; on grasses growing in woods, 

 especially Luzula. 



grandis. H. grandis Btlr. (23 a). Forewing browner, less red than in turca; outer line not so near termen; 



basal and marginal areas often paler than median; the dark cloud round the reniform larger; underside in 

 particular less red; a large diffuse blackish shade over the 3 median nervules. China, Corea, and Japan. 

 Perhaps only a form of turca. 



divergens. H. divergens Btlr. (23 a). Forewing olive grey-brown with very slight striation ; the reniform a 



large pale lunule, with a black dot in the whiter lower lobe, followed by a diffuse rosy brown flush; inner 

 line more oblique outwards. Occurs in E. Siberia and Japan. 



curvata. H. curvata Leech (23b). Forewing olive ochreous, densely striated with dark grey and without 



red tints; inner line' slightly but regularly curved; veins finely whitish, more conspicuously in 2, where the 



dark striations are slighter; the pale reniform stigma preceded by a black dot at lower end of cell, and 



externally edged with blackish; hindwing wholly fuscous, the fringe alone pale rufous. China and Japan. — 



obsolescens. In ab. obsolescens nov. the transverse lines are almost obsolete. 



fuliginosa. H. fuliginosa Hamps. (24a). Forewing fuscous irrorated with grey; a slight pale mark on disco- 



cellular; a pale line at base of fringes; hindwing pale fuscous, the fringe and inner margin pink. Japan. 



40. Genus: Hyphilnre Hbn. 



Tongue developed; frons smooth; head and thorax rough-haired; antennae of cf ciliated; abdomen 

 of cf with a pair of lateral tufts of long hair from base. Larva feeding on Gramineaceae ; lying concealed 

 by day, hybernating, and pupating in spring: some species double brooded. 



Type H. albipuncta F. 



