110 



COPICUCULLIA. By W. Warren. 



scrophvr 



lunar. 



rividonim. 



prenanthis, 



biomata. 



balsamitae. 



larnpra. 



sabulosa, 



lactea. 



apex to end of cell; hindwing in <J whitish, with dark veins and cellspot, becoming diffusely fuscous along 

 terrnen; in $ darker throughout. The species is generally distributed throughout Europe, and found also 

 in Asia Minor, Syria, Armenia, and E. Siberia. — Larva bluish white, with a yellow band on each segment; 

 a double dorsal series of bent black marks alternating with black spots ; a spiracular row of yellow spots with 

 black marks; head yellow, black-spotted; feeding on Verbascum and Scrophularia. 



C. scrophulariae Cap. (27 h). Not quite so broad as verbasci, the forewing paler and duller in coloration; 

 the dark brown costal streak overlaid with grey and so paler than those on inner margin; the ground colour 

 below median hardly paler, not strikingly whitish; hindwing much as in verbasci. With much the same distri- 

 bution as verbasci, but not so common in Britain. — Larva hardly distinguishable, on Scrophularia, especially 

 S. nodosa, and Verbascum. 



C. rivulorum Guen. (= lychnitis ab. auct.) Larger than lychnitis. Forewing somewhat more dentate, 

 warmer ochraceous in colour, with the costa deeper, more sharply grey black; stigmata with the brown points 

 better defined; hindwing darker, with cellspot plainer. Terminal segment of palpi blunter and more truncate 

 at top. Larva more elongate than that of lychnitis, greener, without the yellower variety; the black blotches 

 still more connected together than in lychnitis; the incisions concolorous; feeding exclusively on Scrophularia, 

 in moist places, whereas lychnitis frequents dry and arid slopes. This species is referred by Guenee himself 

 and all continental writers to lychnitis; it seems to me much more likely to be a form of scrophulariae, if of 

 anything. I prefer to leave it as a distinct local species, occurring only in S. France. 



C. prenanthis Bsd. (= ceramanthea Frr.) (27 i). Forewing violaceous grey, outer half 'of costal 

 area shaded darker; lower half of submedian fold before the outer line broadly streaked with whitish; stigmata 

 entirely absent; a black streak along inner margin to outer line, and a broader black streak beyond it below 

 vein 2, continued as a fine marginal line to apex and cut by the whiter veins; a row of dark streaks from apex 

 to vein 6; hindwing brown in both sexes, though often paler in the $. — ■ Germany, Austria, Hungary, Switzer- 

 land, Kumelia, Galicia, Russia; and Asia Minor. — Larva green; dorsal and subdorsal lines yellow, spiracular 

 line white; head green; tubercles yellowish white; feeds on flowers and seeds and afterwards on the leaves of 

 Scrophularia vernalis and nodosa. 



C. biornata Fisch.-Wald. (27 h, i). Forewing pale ash grey with minute darker grey atoms; a broad 

 pale golden yellow streak from middle of cell expanding to near termen; a narrow yellow streak along sub- 

 median fold from base to termen containing a fine black streak from base; inner line finely black, visible only 

 in the outward teeth; outer line forming black marks on submedian fold; a black streak below end of cell from 

 vein 2 to 4, apparently representing lower margin of reniform stigma; hindwing in $ with basal half white, 

 terminal diffusely fuscous; fringe white; in $ wholly white. — S. Russia, W. and E. Turkestan, W. Siberia. 

 — A large and striking species. 



C. balsamitae Bsd. (27 i). Smaller and greyer than biornata, without yellow rays along the folds; 

 the cell paler and sometimes slightly ochreous; the black streak from base along submedian fold strong; the 

 veins black, with some pale streaks in the intervals before termen; lines and stigmata ill-defined and almost ob- 

 solete; a curved black mark below base of the reniform; hindwing grey brown with base paler in the $, white 

 with brown veins and slight brown terminal shade in $. In Eastern Europe only; S. E. Germany, Hungary, 

 Austria, Galicia, S. E. Russia; also at Issykkul, W. Turkestan. — ■ Larva pale yellow; dorsal line orange, 

 interrupted at the incisions; subdorsal lines represented by double rows of black points; spiracular lines formed 

 by large orange blotches with a row of black points along them ; spiracles black ; head yellow with black marks ; 

 feeds from midsummer onwards on flowers of Hieracium, Peucedanum, Thalictrum and other plants. 



C. larnpra Pueng. Forewing white with grey suffusion, somewhat yellowish below costa; lines and stigmata 

 obsolete; a fine distinct black streak from base; veins in parts finely black; a short arch below origin of vein 3 

 and a straight horizontal streak above vein 4 black; hindwing whitish with the veins brown; intermediate 

 between balsamitae and sabulosa. Aksu, East Turkestan. 



C. sabulosa Stgr. (28 b). Forewing ochreous white, tinged with pale brown except in the cell, which 

 is whiter; veins brown; hindwing white, the veins brown; the termen faintly and partially brown. The sandy 

 steppes near Naruen, S. Russia. 



C. lactea F. (27 i). Forewing white irrorated with grey, especially in the $; hindwing white, the 

 veins brown; terminal area tinged with pale brown. Sarepta, S. Russia; Armenia; Altai Mts., W. Siberia. 



3. Genus: Copicuciillia Smith. 



Distinguished from Cucullia Schrank by the foretibia bearing a curved claw on inner side; the frons with 

 a slight roughened prominence with a corneous plate below it. Type Copicucullia eulepis Grote from N. America. 



