126 LITHOPHANE. By W. Warren. 



with a distinct sinuous median dark olive shade; the two dark streaks both strongly expressed; hind-wing 

 brown, with the fringe rufous. Britain, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Scandinavia, Iceland, Finland, 

 X. Russia, Amurland. Larva blue green dotted with white; dorsal and subdorsal lines white; spiracular line 

 yellow; spiracles white edged with brown; on Vaccinium and Myrica gale. 



furcifera. L. furcifera Hujn. (= bifurca Esp., conformis Hbn.) (30 i). Forewing purplish grey irrorated with 



olive; a thick black streak from base below cell, upcurved and forked, edged above by a white hne; another 

 from claviform to outer line; lines black, edged with pale grey, fairly distinct; claviform and orbicular pale 

 blue grey edged with black; reniform inwardly bearing a fulvous crescent, its lower edge curved and black; 

 a dark median shade and a narrow one before submarginal line; hindwing brownish fuscous, darker towards 



rufescens. termen, sometimes showing a large cellspot and dark outer line; ab. rufescens Spul. (31 a) has the forewing 



more or less flushed with reddish; nearly all of these, however, seem to be $$, while the ($<$ remain dark 



suffusa. purple grey without the red tinge; — ab. suffusa Tutt from the West of England is violet black; ab. varie- 



variegala. g a f a gp U i M (31 a ) ; corresponding to the zinckenii form of lamda is much more variegated, the dark markings 

 being relieved by silvery grey. Generally distributed in North and Central Europe and in W. Siberia. — Larva 

 lvdbrown or earthbrown marbled with black dots and streaks; the lines pale yellow; a dorsal series of diamond- 

 shaped marks and subdorsal series of oblique black streaks ; another form of the larva is said to be green marked 

 with yellow; — on Alder and Birch. 



ingrica. L. ingrica H.-Sch. (= conformis Frr. nee Hbn., cinerosa Guen.) (31 a). Forewing silvery grey, more 



or less overlaid with purplish brown; the pale patch at base of costa, and the pale rings of the stigmata 

 grisea. distinguish it at once from furcifera; all the markings, both lines and stigmata, are more conspicuous: grisea 

 basidiluta. Graes. (= obscura Carad.) (31 a) is a dark form from Amurland ; basidiluta Strand from Norway and St. Peters- 

 burg has the whole basal area paler. Occurs in France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Rumelia, Switzerland, 

 Norway, N. Russia, E. Siberia, Amurland, Kamschatka. — Larva grey brown with velvety black interrupted 

 dorsal, subdorsal, and spiracular lines, mixed with yellow and red; feeding on Alnus glutinosa and incana. 



nstulata. L. ustulata Btlr. (31 b). Distinguished by the general dark purplish brown ground colour of the 



forewing, somewhat obscuring the markings; a pale blotch at base of costa above the black streak from 

 base on submedian fold; a dark blotch between the stigmata in cell and beyond claviform in the submedian 

 interval; all the 3 stigmata, as well as the basal blotch, tinged with rufous; hindwing greyish fuscous, paler 

 towards base, darker fuscous in $, generally without the brown tinge of the allied species. Japan. 



lapidea. L. lapidea Hbn. (= leautieri Bsd.) (31 b). Forewing pale grey, dusted with olive grey; lines strongly 



dentate, but much obscured, marked by short oblique costal streaks; upper stigmata ill-defined, but united 

 at their base by a long black line; the reniform with fulvous in lower half; claviform elongate, black-edged, 

 united by a short black streak with outer line; a well-marked black streak from base on submedian fold; 

 submarginal line indicated only by black dentate marks preceding it, of which the two on the folds are longest; 



sabinae. fringe mottled dark and light grey; hindwing pale brownish grey, darker towards termen; ab. sabinae H. G. 

 (31 b) is rather smaller, blue-grey, more distinctly marked, especially the median shade and submarginal 

 teeth; reniform stigma with hardly any fulvous in it; the two black lines on submedian fold hardly visible; 

 cupressi- ab. cupressivora Stgr. is larger, uniformly dull dark grey, with the markings still less distinct; the hindwing 

 vora. b rowuerj (9 spec. dist.). S. France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Crete, Balkan Mts., and in W. Turkestan. 

 — Larva dark green, dorsal and subdorsal lines white, segmentally swollen and partially interrupted; spira- 

 cular line yellowish white; feeding on Juniper and Cypress. 



merckii. L. merckii Bbr. (= ripagina H. G., simplex Frr.) (31 b). Forewing dark lilac-grey, suffused with 



olive-brownish; the veins dotted black and white; lines indistinct, marked by pairs of black dots on veins; 

 stigmata pale, ill-defined, slightly black-outlined; the reniform black-edged below; median shade strong, 

 forming a fulvous patch between the upper stigmata in cell and a dark one between the claviform and outer 

 line in submedian interspace; a fine black line from base below cell; submarginal line preceded by dull rufous 

 teeth and on each fold followed by dark clouds; hindwing dark fuscous, paler towards base. S.- France, Italy, 

 Corsica, Switzerland, Hungary, Bulgaria. — Larva yellowish green, dotted with white; all the lines yellowish; 

 head pale green with dark mottling; feeding on Alnus viscosa only. 



tephroplila. L. tephroptila spec. nov. (31 b). Forewing ashy grey, almost wholly suffused with dark grey, a blotch at 



base of costa, another in submedian interval before inner line, the area between outer and subterminal line, 

 and the upper stigmata remaining paler; lines double, black, filled in with pale; the inner wavy and oblique, 

 the outer lunulate-dentate, strongly inangled and black on submedian fold; stigmata with black outlines, the 

 claviform large and dark grey, nearly joining outer line; a strong black line from base below cell, curving upwards 

 round the pale basal patch; fringe dark grey, with a pale festooned line at base; head and thorax dark 

 grey like the forewings; abdomen much paler, whitish peppered with grey, like the hindwings, which are 



