PuM. i. II. 1911. PERINAENIA; PYROIS. By W. Warren. 157 



Subfamily Amphipyrinae. 



The species of the subfamily Euxoinae are characterised by the spinose tibiae; those of the Hade- 

 ninae by the hairy eyes: those of the Gucullianae b\ the ciliated eyes. The imagos of the next, the 

 Amphipyrinae, are distinguished by the absence of all these characteristics; as might be expected in a 

 group from which all the preceding subfamilies have been gradually developed, the species embraced by it 

 are much more numerous than in any of the others, this subfamily being, roughly speaking, as large as 

 all the others put together. Alike in structural peculiarities and in shape of wing the imagos will be 

 found to lie very variable: the neuration of the wings also, in a few genera, differs from the ordinary 

 scheme of the Noctuidae, the areole being sometimes absent in the forewing, and in other cases vein 8 of 

 the hindwing anastomoses for some distance with the upper margin of cell: but, with these few exceptions, 

 the scheme of neuration remains stable. Here and there secondary sexual characteristics are noticeable 

 in the jj, especially in the genu- Eriopus, as displayed in the distorted antennae and the hair-tufting 

 of the tibiae. 



The larvae are smooth, with single bristles from the tubercles, and have all the proleys present: 

 their habits vary as much as those of the preceding groups, the majority pupating in the ground, others 

 spinning a cocoon among leaves, while those feeding within the stems of plants and reeds utilize these 

 for their final transformations. 



1. Genus: Perinaenia Btlr. 



Tongue present; frons smooth, with large pad of scales; palpi strongly developed, upturned, third 

 segment nearly as long as second, both with thick pads of scales below; antennae of $ shortly ciliated; 

 thorax thickly scaled, without crests; abdomen dorsally flattened, without crests; forewing with costal and 

 inner margins subparallel. the apex blunt, the termen nearly vertical. Type Perinaenia lignosa Btlr. 



P. lignosa Btlr. (38 a). Forewing greyish ochreous, densely covered with grey brown striae, in sxmie lignosa. 

 cases wholly grey brown, with black speckling; lines darker, often ill-defined; the inner vertical, waved; 

 the outer excurved below costa, then vertical and dentate; a diffuse black streak along cell, upon which 

 the two stigmata are represented by patches of white scales; a row of black marginal dots, preceded above 

 middle by long black streaks in the intervals; hindwing dull yellowish suffused with smoky fuscous, with 

 broad black marginal border, and large dark cell mark; fringe yellowish mottled with fuscous. China 

 and Japan. 



2. Genus: Pyrois Ebn. 



Differs from Perinaenia Btlr. in the less developed palpi, of which the second segment is merely 

 fringed with hair below, the terminal segment shorter, and smoothly scaled; in the antennae of the $ 

 being pubescent only: and in the thorax, abdomen, and legs being clothed with hair instead of scales; the 

 abdomen with lateral fringes of hair. Larva hybernates small, feeding up in spring, pupating in a spun 

 cocoon among leaves and rubbish. Type Pyrois cinnamomea Kleem. 



P. cinnamomea Kleem. (= conica Esp., perfusa Hbn.) (38 a). Forewing greyish ochreous varied and wnnamo- 

 in lower half suffused with reddish brown; veins marked by black and white scales; lines and shading 

 reddish brown; inner line acutely dentate, outwards in the intervals and inwards on the veins; outer line 

 indistinct, except at costa and inner margin; submarginal line pale, defined by the preceding redbrown 

 dentate-lunulate shade; a dark streak from base below cell; base of cell dark, continued narrowly above 

 median vein to end of cell, marked at end, as well as the shorter upper part, by pale scales, representing 

 the orbicular and reniform stigmata; hindwing dull cupreous red, darker towards termen, often with traces 

 of a dark outer line. — Larva yellowish green; dorsal line whitish; lateral lines yellowish; on segments 

 10 and 11 an oblique yellow lateral streak from the dorsal to the lateral lines; head bluish green; feeds 

 on Poplar. Elm, Spindle, etc. — An inhabitant of Central Europe, where it is found in France, Germany, 

 Austria, Hungary, Switzerland and N. Italy; also in Asia Minor. 



P. effusa Bsd. (38a). Forewing greyish ochreous thickly speckled with fuscous and blackish; lines effusa. 

 blackish starting from black costal spots; inner line waved, double; outer lunulate-dentate, the teeth pale 

 ochreous on the veins: all 3 stigmata pale, with slight dark outlines; claviform small; orbicular rounded: 

 reniform with a grey 8-shaped mark in its centre; a prominent black spot between the upper two and a 

 dark dash beyond reniform; submarginal line pale, sometimes interrupted into spots, preceded by a dark 

 shade marked with black wedgeshaped marks below costa and beyond cell; hindwing pale or dark fuscous; 

 — the form sciaphila Stgr., from Dalmatia, Greece, and Sicily, is much paler, owing to the absence of the sciaphila. 



Ill 21 



