Publ. l. II. 1911. PAEASTICHTIS. By W. Warren. 165 



streak near base: inner and outer lines double, brownish, the outer followed by a double row of dark brown vein 

 dots with a white dot between; claviform stigma brown, with darker outline; orbicular generally elongate and 

 narrow, sometimes shortened and rounder, with centre brown as in reniform and pale outline, the outer 

 half of the reniform paler than the inner, and the lower lobe dark; cell and median shade brown, the 

 latter not reaching below cell; marginal area beyond submarginal line dark redbrown, emitting large teeth 

 inwards on the two folds; hind wing fuscous, pale grey towards base; — ah. argentea Tutt is a form from argenlea. 

 Scotland in which the ground colour of forewings is shining silvery whitish, Avith traces of faint brownish 

 costal streaks; the terminal area and basal streaks pale brown; all other markings obsolete, except a trace 

 of reniform stigma: hindwing pale grey; — ochrea Tutt (39 e) and intermedia Tutt (39 e) seem to represent ° cl } rea - . 

 merely the type form when washed with pale ochreous, or with rufous ochreous respectively, this last 

 being the commonest form in Britain; — flavorufa Tutt is a rare form, from the North of England and flavorufa. 

 Scotland only, with ground colour dull yellow red, with the ordinary markings obsolete, except the stig- 

 mata which are distinct and outlined with yellow; some short yellow costal dashes, a yellow patch at 

 base of costa. and some yellow scales on the dark veins; — the form putris Hbn. (= borealis Curt.) (39 e) putris. 

 has the whole of forewing suffused with dull grey brown, the median area between inner and outer lines 

 darker brown from costa to inner margin; the white scales of inner margin plainer; some examples are 

 more uniformly dark and with obscured markings, while others are paler brown and show the markings 

 clearly: — com bust a Haw. (? = subrurea Petersen) (39 e) is a dark fuscous form of this, in which the combusla. 

 basal area and both hues are mixed with white scales, the outer edge of the reniform being also whitish; 



— ah. alopecurus Esp. (= combusta Hbn., aquila Donz.) (39 f) is redbrown with the veins dark, the costa alopecurus. 

 and inner margin and sometimes the veins dusted with whitish, and the stigmata edged with yellow; the 



two folds redder than the rest; in some cases this red tint predominates and makes the whole wing red; 



in others the blackish shades overpower the red, these last being nigro-rubida Tutt (39 f) ; — ab. sub- Ji^'j^j 



rurea Petersen is a form with the forewing darkened with grey brown, with clear markings, and the reni- SM b,- M ,- ea . 



form not picked out with yellow — ■ and may be the same as combusta Haw.; extincta Stgr. (39 f), from extincta. 



Issykkul and Kuku Nor, has the forewing pale uniform lilac grey; the terminal area and the cell dull 



redbrown; the hues very indistinctly expressed; the stigmata pale grey, the outer edge of the reniform 



whitish; the dark form corresponding to this, — as alopecurus does to typical rurea, — ab. uniformis uniformis. 



ab. nov. (39 f) is wholly dull dark liver colour, with no markings except the pale inner and outer lines 



and the whitish outer edge of the reniform stigma ; the hindwing, as in extincta, smooth pale grey. Larva 



rosy grey or red-brown, mottled with darker; dorsal line white with black edges; lateral line broad, ochreous 



yellow, with an elongated black mark above it on each segment; head and thoracic plate black brown; on 



grasses. — Throughout Europe, except Spain; in Armenia, Siberia, Turkestan, Tibet, Amurland; recorded 



also frorn Japan and China. 



P. funerea Hein. (39 f). Forewing blackish red-brown, the redder tints confined to the two folds funerea. 

 and the submarginal hne; the inner and outer lines very obscure; a thick black streak above inner margin 

 near base; stigmata somewhat paler than ground colour, edged with black; outer edge of reniform dotted 

 with white and with a longer yellowish or white mark at its middle, often preceded by some white scaling; 

 from the reniform to outer line two thick black streaks run, with sometimes a third above them; these 

 two streaks are characteristic; submarginal hne reddish, preceded by black teeth, the terminal area blacker; 

 hindwing dark fuscous, with rufous tinged paler fringe; — the form from Japan and China — which may 

 be distinguished as subsp.oriens subsp. nov. (39 f), — is larger, not so dark, so that the transverse lines and markings oriens. 

 are more visible; the costal area and the veins dusted with white scales, and always without the two 

 black streaks beyond the reniform stigma, which characterise the type; — ■ a second form, from Japan only, 



— subsp. brunneata subsp. nov. (39 g), — is of the same size as the type, but liver-brown in colour, with only brunneata. 

 the terminal area black except the apex, which is paler, less sprinkled with white, and also without the 



black dashes beyond the reniform; all the forms ahke have the orbicular stigma of the narrow, elongate 

 shape that characterises the group. — ■ Larva almost indistinguishable from that of rurea. The species 

 occurs in fens and bogs in Holland and N. W. Germany; the subspecies, which may be distinct species, 

 in Japan and China; Staudinger adds Corea and Ussuri. 



P. veterina Led. (39 g). Forewing ochreous dusted with rufous and fuscous; the two lines blackish, veterina. 

 double, the inner preceded by black teeth on the veins, the outer with a double row beyond it; claviform 

 stigma ill-defined; the upper two large, rufous, separated by a blackish median shade; subterminal line 

 pale, the terminal area beyond it brown except at apex; hindwing ochreous fuscous, darker in terminal 

 half, with a pale outer line and short subterminal band; — ab. haelsseni Graes. (= mandschurica Stgr.) haelsseni. 

 from Amurland, is larger and darker, with more developed markings. The type from Altai Mts., W. Siberia. 



P. monoglypha Hufn. (= polyodon L. nee CI., radicea Hbn.) (39 g). Forewing varying from whitish monoglypha. 

 ochreous, through pale and dark grey to brownish grey, dark brown and black; a black streak from base 

 below cell, another above inner margin near base, and a third, more strongly marked, along submedian 



III 22 



