Publ. 8. 11. 1911. OLIGIA. By W. Warren. 173 



edge only black margined, the margin straight and forming nearly a straight line with the lower half of 

 outer line: submarginal line pale grey, the shade before it redbrown, the terminal area dark grey; hind- 

 wing greyish fuscous; in the ab. COnstricta ab. nov. (40 k), principally confined to the $$, the median area constricta. 

 between the two lines is narrowed and much darker, especially in the two folds, and the red flush is less 

 developed; — the form subarcta Stgr. (40 k), from Sicily, Palestine, and W. Siberia, has longer wings and subarcta. 

 no red tints whatever except the praesubmarginal shade; this form will, I feel sure, be proved distinct; 

 on the other hand the darker grey and fuscous tints may be reduced and the whole forewing suffused 

 with rosy brown, the whole thorax also showing rufous, ab. subrosea (= ab. A. Guen.) (40 k); this is a sxibrosea. 

 common form in England; — onychina H.-Sch. (40 k) shows a still further reduction of the dark tints, onychina. 

 the whole forewing being creamy grey, the usual darker median area and the shade before submarginal 

 line showing in certain lights pale golden brownish; the hindwing pale grey; this form occurs in Heligo- 

 land, Norderney, and other islands, the coloration being assimilated to the sandy coasts. Larva either 

 yellowish with two broad reddish subdorsal lines, or greenish yellow with grey subdorsal and lateral lines; 

 head and thoracic plate black brown. The larva of the coast form, according to Aurivillius, is whitish with 

 the dorsum reddish and small brown head, feeding in the stem of a stiff coast grass; according to Grenzen- 

 burg it feeds first in the roots and afterwards in the stems of Elymus arenarius. This form therefore may 

 be specifically distinc. On the chalk districts of England, away from the coast, I have bred the ordinary 

 red form from larvae feeding in Carex glauca only. 



0. bicoloria Vill. (= humeralis Haw.) (401). Forewing with basal half of wing dark, outer half bicoloria. 

 pale; the colour of the basal half varies from purplish black, through brown black to brownish red, 

 reddish grey, and finaly but rarely greyish white; the outer half varies from rufous grey or luteous grey 

 to chalk white; the limiting line is formed by the lower half of the outer line and the dark inner edge of 

 the reniform stigma, which generally stands out white beyond the darker half; the extreme base of wing 

 is often paler; the terminal area is narrowly dark grey, sometimes even blackish; hindwing pale grey; the 

 typical bicoloria Vill. has the outer area whitish or grey with a rufous tinge; — in semicretacea Alph., from semicretacea. 

 the Urals, Transylvania, and Central Asia, the outer area, in its extreme form, is chalk white and the 

 dark portions black shaded with brown; — in furuncula Hbn. (401) the outer half is reddish brown furuncula. 

 approaching the colour of the basal half; ■ — while in rufuncula Haw. (= erratricula Frr. nee Hbn.) (401) rufuncula. 

 the forewing is nearly unicolorous reddish grey ; — terminalis Haw. (40 1) is dull brown, with obscure terminalis. 

 markings, the terminal area prominently dark; — vincttincula Hbn. (41 a) is reddish grey, but with a narrow vinchincula. 

 erect black band taking the place of the usual line of demarcation; ab. unicolor ab. nov. (41 a) differs from it in unicolor. 

 being unicolorous fawn brown with a slightly darker band instead of the black band; — albimacula Spul. albimacula. 

 has the reniform white or whitish as in bicoloria Vill., but on a reddish brown ground colour; — in the 

 form pulmonariae Dup. the ground colour is ochreous, the basal half being more reddish or yellow; the P^ mona - 

 two shades of colour are less distinctly separated, and the stigmata are edged with paler; — pallidior paliidior. 

 Stgr. (40 1), from Central Asia, is said to be paler (than the typical bicoloria) with the basal half reddish, 

 the outer half whitish, the hind wings being dirty whitish.; — examples in which the ground colour is quite 

 pale are ab. pallida Tutt, with inner half pale grey and outer half white, the hind wings also whitish with pallida. 

 greyish termen, and ab. albicans Tutt, from the chalk district of Kent, with forewing quite white with albicans. 

 slight grey shading in centre of wing, the stigmata and terminal area grey; a form quite distinct from all 

 of those mentioned, with the forewing pale or dark grey, covered with transverse strigulations, with the lines and 

 stigmata generally distinct, the reniform whitish, and no trace of separate coloration is reticulata Tutt (40 1) ; similar b runneo . ' 

 specimens, with the ground colour ochreous or brown, are the ab. brunneo-reticulata Tutt (401); insulicola Stgr. reticulata. 

 (= furuncula H. Sch. nee Hbn.) is grey, strigulated with black and white ; this occurs in Denmark and Heligoland ; M^wJicoia. 

 — ab. longistriata ab. nov. (40 1) is a remarkable development in which a straight black streak runs along longistriata. 

 the submedian fold dfrom base to termen; the ground colour is pale grey, suffused with rufous brown except 

 at base of costa and beyond the pale grey reniform stigma, the terminal area being paler rufous brown; 

 hindwing grey. The single example, a <£, is from Bilbao, Spain. — Larva yellowish flesh colour; dorsal 

 line yellowish; subdorsal paler; the dorsum flushed with reddish; head and thoracic plate brown; in the 

 stems of grasses. The species is generally distributed through Europe, preferring sandy districts; also in 

 Armenia and Asia Minor, W. and E. Siberia, W. and E. Turkestan, and Tibet. 



O. arcta Led. (= fasciata Btlr., parietum Oberth.) (41a). Like literosa ab. subarcta Stgr. but larger, arcla. 

 with the basal area blacker, except a diffuse pale grey oval space below middle, bounded by inner line; 

 in it the orbicular stigma is conspicuously paler, its centre brown in a pale grey ring, oval, oblique; the 

 pale reniform is lost in the pale colour of the outer half, its inner black edge forming with the lower'half 

 of outer line the straight margin of the dark area; the outer area is irregularly clouded with darker, the 

 submarginal line slightly paler with a dark shade preceding it; hindwing greyish fuscous. Occurs in the 

 Altai Mts.j W. Siberia, in Amurland, Japan, and Corea. 



O. arctides Stgr. (= arcta Oberth. non Led.) (41 a). Like arcta but a third smaller. Occurs in the arctides. 

 same localities, also in X. China. 



Ill 23 



