CEYMODES, By W. Warren. 177 



very pale examples of ylatinea, with the lines and outlines of stigmata finely blackish grey, the median 

 shade and submarginal line slightly marked in grey, the orbicular absent, and the reniform smaller; the 

 head, thorax, and abdomen are as pale as the forewings and all without grey dusting; the hindwing pale 

 dirty grey with dark cellspot and veins, and black marginal lunules; — ah. zetina Stgr., from the Thian- Shan zetina. 

 Mts., is described as smaller: the forewings greenish grey, with the markings distinct; a form with the whole 

 forewing uniform grey without markings except the pale reniform, as far as subterminal line, which is conspicuously 

 pale preceded by a dark shade, and with the terminal area beyond quite pale, from Silvaplana, in the Engadine, 

 Switzerland, may be distinguished as ab. marginata ab. nov. (41 e); — intransversataab.noy. (41 e) the forewing shows ™„n$v&r"at'a 

 the median shade crossing it as a strong blackish band; — in rivalis Guen. (? Friv.) (41 e), the forewing rivedis. 

 is much varied with yellow scales, the locality given being Mountains near the Sea of Marmora. Found in 

 the Pyrenees in France, on the Alps of Switzerland and N. Italy, the Mts. of Germany, Austria, and 

 Bulgaria: in Armenia; the Altai Mts., W. Siberia, the Thian-Shan Mts., E. Turkestan. 



C. dumetorum Hbn.-G. (42 a) (= rhadama Mill.). Forewing glossy fuscous, thickly dusted with dumelorum. 

 grey; inner and outer lines black, conversely pale edged; claviform black-edged; orbicular and reniform 

 pale-ringed and outlined with black; submarginal line obscurely pale, interrupted into spots; hindwing 

 glossy fuscous brown; — the ab. bleonnensis Schultz is paler, the forewing more mixed with ochreous bleonnensis. 

 white. Recorded only from Digne in the Basses Alpes, France; perhaps a local race of zeta. 



C. furva Hbn. (= gemmosa H.-Sch.) (41 f). ForeAving varying from brownish to blackish fuscous, furva. 

 more or less dusted with grey or whitish scales, especially along costa and inner margin and along the 

 veins; lines conversely edged with pale; claviform stigma black-edged, or filled in with black; orbicular 

 grey, with pale ring and black outline, often obscure; reniform always whiter, especially on outer edge; 

 submarginal line whitish, waved, always preceded by distinct black wedge-shaped marks; the brown fringe 

 finely cut by pale dashes; hindwing smoky grey, the terminal half smoky fuscous; veins and cellspot 

 darker; the typica furva Hbn. is brownish fuscous; ab. ochracea Tutt refers to the paler, more yellow- ochracea. 

 dusted form, described by Guenee; the blackish fuscous forms, still with paler dusting, are ab. freyeri Frr. freyeri. 

 (41 f) and infernalis Ev.. the latter being the darker; while sylvicola Ev. is a nearly black form, with only wfmiahs. 

 the submarginal line and the edges of stigmata showing whitish, with slight white dusting. — Larva pale 

 or dark reddish ochreous, darker on dorsum; the tubercles blackish; spiracles black; head and thoracic 

 plate brown black; on various grasses. — Found generally throughout Europe, except Spain and Portugal, 

 in mountainous districts; in Armenia, Persia, Turkestan, and Siberia. 



C. maillardi Hbn.-G. (41 f). As large as zeta, from which it differs in being dusted with white in- maillardi. 

 stead of grej- green scales; the ground colour is darker, deep redbrown, with the two folds showing browner; 

 the reniform stigma always plainer and whiter externally; hindwing dull fuscous; — ab. schildei Stgr., from schildei. 

 Finland, has the forewings more pronouncedly reddish. — Occurs on the Alps of Switzerland, on the 

 Pyrenees, the Mts. of S. Hungary, in Norway and the Shetlands. 



C. exulis Lef. = oleracea Mohr. nee L., gelata Lef., groenlandica Dup., difflua Hbn.-G., marmorata cxulis. 

 Zett., borea Bsd., cervina Germ., poli Guen.) (41 g). Forewing olive brownish, darker along the two 

 folds; the veins sometimes slightly streaked with paler; inner and outer lines black, conversely pale-edged, 

 the outer neatly lunulate-dentate; submarginal line pale grey, waved, preceded by black markings; clavi- 

 form stigma black-edged; orbicular and reniform grey or olive brown, with pale annuli defined by black; 

 hindwing dull whitish with dark cellspot and outer line; the terminal band dull fuscous; gelida Guen., is gelida. 

 duller, greyish brown, without any black lines or markings and the veins not paler; while assimilis Dbld., assimilis. 

 from Scotland, is much darker, deep black brown glossed with purplish. — Larva shining, dull whitish, 

 without lines except slight traces in front; spiracles and tubercles black; feeds in grasses, small through 

 the winter, feeding up in spring. In Scotland, the Shetland Islands, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland, also 

 in Greenland and Labrador. Always smaller than maillardi. 



T. rubrivena Tr. (= feisthamelii Bsd.) (41 g). Forewing blackish fuscous dusted with white scales; rubrivena. 

 the two folds sometimes prominently rufous; inner and outer lines black, conversely lunulate-dentate, edged 

 with rufous grey; claviform stigma small, rufous with black outline; orbicular rounded, pale, often rufous; 

 reniform large, conspicuously pale ochreous, with a brown lunule on its inner side; submarginal line wavy, 

 white, preceded by blackish lunules; fringe blackish, dotted with pale spots at base; hindwing dull whitish 

 grey, with dark veins and cellspot, becoming diffusely fuscous in terminal half; the ab. hercyniae Stgr., hercyniae. 

 from the Schwarzwald and Harz M ts ., is intensely black, with the transverse lines and edges of stigmata 

 broadened and yellowish. The species occurs on the Mountains of Finland and Scandinavia, Silesia, 

 Bohemia, the Carpathians, and the Swiss Alps. 



