•2-24 APAMEA. By W. Warren. 



panese form, is, as usual, larger than the European, and the outer line appears rather more strongly ex- 

 curved beyond cell and incurved below. Occurs throughout North and Central Europe, in S. E. Eussia, 

 Armenia, W. Siberia, and Turkestan, Japan, Corea, and Amurland, frequenting marshy places. Larva 

 blackish-brown; the dorsal and subdorsal lines somewhat paler; thoracic and anal plates blackish; head 

 brown; feeds in the roots and stems of large water-plants, such as Iris pseudacorus, and Cladium mariscus. 



91. Genus: Apaniea Tr. 



Tongue present; irons smooth; antennae of <$ ciliated: palpi upturned, the second segment thickly 

 haired, the third short; tegulae produced to a slight dorsal ridge; prothorax and metathorax slightly 

 crested: abdomen with basal crests only and lateral tufts. Larva, like that of Gortyna, feeding in roots 

 and stems of Gramineaceae. Type Apamea nictitans Blh. 

 butleri. A. butleri Leech (46a). Forewing dark brown, the veins powdered with white: inner and outer lines 



double, blackish, filled up with dark; subterminal line pale, waved: orbicular and reniform stigmata with 

 black outlines; the outer edge of the reniform lined with white; marginal line black: fringe with a pale 

 line at base; hindwing greyish fuscous, with dark cellspot and termen. Described from a single $ from 

 Omei-shan, W. China. 

 niciiians. A. nictitans L. (= chrysographa Schiff., myopa F., cinerago F.) (46 b). Forewing pale or dark 



ferruginous brown; the veins brown; inner and outer lines double, brown, wide apart; the inner curved 

 outwards between, and toothed inwards on, the veins; the outer with the inner arm thin, lunulate-dentate, 

 the outer thick, continuous and parallel; a thick dark median shade running between the stigmata; sub- 

 marginal line indistinct, waved, angled on vein 7, above which it is preceded by a dark costal patch; 

 orbicular stigma rounded, orange, with a brown ring; reniform white, with the veins across it brown and 

 containing on the discocellular a brown-outlined lunule, of which the centre is yellowish; the claviform of 

 auricula * ue § rounc ' colour with brown outline; hindwing fuscous grej^, paler towards base; the fringe rufous- 

 erythro- tinged; — in the rare form auricula Bon. the reniform stigma is pale golden yellow; — the form erythro- 

 stigma. stigma Haw. has the reniform deep orange instead of white; — obscura Tutt (46 b) is a dark violaceous 

 brown form, with darker hindwings, which appears to be commoner in Britain than elsewhere, and like 

 lucens. the type has the reniform both white and orange red; the form lucens Frr. resembles nictitans, but is 

 fucosa. larger, and with the ground colour, as a rule, pale and the reniform white; fucosa Frr. is also this larger 

 pallescens. form, but with the reniform orange-red; — pallescens Stgr. (46b), from Turkestan, Issyk-kul, and the 

 Alexander Mts., is a much paler form, also with the reniform both white and orange; — besides the above 

 albicosla. there are to be mentioned two abnormal forms; ab. albicosta Tutt, an example with the costa of forewing 

 conjuncla. white; and ab. conjuncta Spul., a $ example, with the reniform stigma enormously swollen and connected 

 with the orbicular. The species is widely spread through North and Central Europe, and occurs in Japan 

 and Corea, but these specimens all belong to the larger form lucens. Larva dirty yellowish brown, Avith 

 pale lines and dark tubercles, and a lateral row of black marks; head, thoracic, and anal plates yellow 

 brown; feeding in roots and stems of grasses, especially Aira caespitosa, in May and June. 



paludis. A. paludis Tutt (46 b). Differs from nictitans L. in the apex of forewing being less produced, the 



outer margin thereby appearing less oblique; in ground colour it would appear to vary from light to 

 dark forms as much as nictitans itself, but all that I have seen have been dark ; it may at once be separa- 

 ted by the narrowness of the reniform stigma, the inner edge of which is darkened and hardly distingu- 

 ishable from the brown ground colour; the reniform occurs of both colours, white and orange, but the 

 grisea. narrowness is more noticeable in the former case; in the ab. grisea Tutt the ground colour is greyer with 

 a greenish tinge, and the reniform is surrounded by a dark cloud. Occurs in Britain, England and Ire- 

 land: in Turkestan, Issyk-kul and Kuku-Nor; and in Japan, China, and Corea, the examples from these 

 last localities being larger and paler; the specimens from Issyk-kul and neighbourhood are very dark, 

 while from the same locality come the pale forms of nictitans called pallescens Stgr. 



ochreola. A. ochreola Stgr. (= renalis Alph.) (46b). Forewing greyish pink, the markings darker pink: 



inner and outer lines double, the arms wide apart, conversely lunulate-dentate, the outer half of median 

 area beyond median shade suffused with darker; orbicular stigma small, round, dark-edged; reniform with 

 the outer half white beyond a dark line of scales on the discocellular, the inner part dark pink, obscured 

 by the darker cloud; subterminal line hardly visible; marginal line red; hindwing yellowish luteous with 

 the veins pink. Saisan; Ala Tau; Fergana. 



dislincta. A. distincta .spec. nov. (46 c). Forewing fawn colour, flushed with fulvous; the lines and veins fineky 



brown; inner line widely double, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing basewards; outer line also double, 

 sinuous, the inner arm only lunulate-dentate; median shade broAv, diffusse, bent nearly at right angles 

 below the reniform stigma; submarginal line hardly marked except by the darkerterminal area beyond it; 

 terminal line dark brown; fringe purplish fuscous, with a clear pale basal line; the 8 stigmata pale dull 

 yellow edged with brown; the claviform minute; the orbicular round: the reniform large, containing a 



