XAXTHOECIA: HYDKOECIA. By W. Warren. 225 



brown lunule in outline; hindwing pale greyish fulvous, deeper along the terminal border, preceded by an 

 indistinct dark waved outer line; head, thorax, and abdomen greyish fulvous, the abdomen paler; under 

 side of both wings nearly uniform pale fulvous. Described from a single J in the Tring Museum, from 

 Central Asia. As large as the larger forms of A. nictitans. 



92. Genus: Xanthoeeia Hmps. 



Like the following genus Hydroecia Gnen.. but the irons instead of being smooth is armed with a 

 projecting spike. Larva feeding in the stems of various low growing plants in spring, pupating in situ. 

 Type Xanthoeeia flavago Schiff. 



X. flavago Schiff. (= ochracea Hbn., ochraceago Haw., flavo-auratum Tutt) (46 c). Forewing yellow, flavaijo. 

 thickly dusted with bright ferruginous, the space between subbasal and inner lines and that between outer 

 and submarginal lines, filled up with dull liver-brown; the lines and veins finely red-brown; all 3 stigmata 

 pale yellow with darker centres and brown outlines, the reniform containing an outlined lunule; submargi- 

 nal line yellowish ending in a yellow apical blotch: hindwing dirty luteous, with veins and cellspot, the 

 outer line and a submarginal cloud grey: -- in ab. suffusa ab. nor. (46 c) the forewing is wholly suffused with suffusa. 

 ferruginous; -- cinarea (loosens from Algeria is pale yellow or reddish grey, with a dark patch between cinarea. 

 the stigmata, which are almost obsolete: the terminal area of ground colour or violet brown without any 

 pale apical patch: hindwing without markings, whitish grey. The insect occurs of two sizes; the small 

 examples, generally taken late in autumn, with a pale straw r ground colour, are probably the result of 

 retarded development, through the} r may possibly indicate a short lived second brood. Occurs throughout 

 North and Central Europe, in Italy, and throughout Bussia; also in Armenia, Syria and W. Siberia. 

 Larva dirty white or yellowish, the dorsum dark red, with 3 faintly paler longitudinal lines; tubercles, 

 and also the spiracles, black; head and plates dark brown; feeding in stems of numerous plants, — such 

 as Arctium. Verbascum, Senecio, Artemisium, Cirsium, Eupatorium etc. 



93. Genus: Hydroecia Guen. 



Tongue present; frons rounded, smooth; palpi obliquely upturned, the second segment long, rough- 

 haired below, the third small, porrect; prothorax with a strong erect crest; abdomen large and long, very 

 stout in the 2, the anal segment subquadrate in the <J, the lateral tufts of hair well developed. Larva 

 elongate, with the tubercles largely developed, feeding in the stems of various plants, pupating in situ, 

 and emerging from a hole previously prepared. The imago emerges in autumn and the egg overwinters. 

 Type Hydroecia micacea Esp. 



Sect. I. Antennae of <$ bipectinate. 



H. osseola Sfgr. (= burkhana Alph.) (46 c). Forewing yellow- suffused and dusted with rufous; osseola. 

 inner line faintly double; outer line dark, bent on vein 6, outwardly edged with paler: median shade 

 parallel to outer line; orbicular and reniform stigmata obscure, outlined with rufous; submarginal line 

 whitish between rufous shades; hindwing yellowish white. Tarbagatai Jits.; Amdo, Tibet. 



H. hucheradi Mab. (46 d). Forewing ochreous white, washed and dusted with brown; inner line hucheradi. 

 faint, double, curved; outer line fine, dark, outwardly defined by whitish, excurved below costa, then 

 oblique; subterminal line indicated by a dark shade preceding it; marginal line fine, dark; cilia dark at 

 tips: orbicular stigma absent: reniform an oblique fuscous bar, constricted at middle; hindwing white, 

 faintly ochreous-tinged. Boyau, Charente Inferieure, W. France. 



Sect. III. Antennae of $ strongly serrate and fasciculate. 



H. cervago Ev. (46 c). Forewing reddish ochreous, paler in basal and terminal areas, the median cervayu. 

 area dark chocolate brown with a purplish tinge, becoming darker, almost blackish, along the course of 

 the lines, which are placed much as in micacea; the basal area in the <§ yellowish, in the $ bright rufous; 

 the outer line also in the <J is edged with yellow; stigmata not so large as in petasitis, yellow with rufous 

 -peckling, the reniform with the discocellular red: terminal area pinkish grey with a dark cloud defining 

 the subterminal line; hindwing w-hitish, with reddish-grey dusting; the veins, outer line, and subterminal 

 shade reddish. Found only in the Urals, Armenia, and Turania. 



H. puengeleri Turati (46 c). Like H. xanilienes Germ, but the forewing is paler yellow, much less puengeleri. 

 suffused with grey: it is still more like H. moesiaca H. S chaff, from Bulgaria and Armenia; but puengeleri 

 is said to have strongly serrate antennae, while moesiaca should have them minutely serrate and fas- 

 ciculate, and xanthenes simply ciliate; but for this. I should consider all three forms of one species. Pie- 

 corded from Sicily only; xanthenes from Sicily and Spain. 



Sect. IV. Antennae of £ minutely serrate and fasciculate. 



H. songariae Alph. Forewing yellow tinged with brown or reddish, the median area deeper; inner songariae. 

 and outer lines brown, the former excurved, sinuous, the latter excurved above; subterminal line pale 



