BRACHYXANTHIA; PYRRHIA. Bxj \Y . Warren. 227 



cocellular; terminal line and fringe brown; hindwing whitish with a dark marginal lino and the veins 

 brownish. Described from a single \ somewhal damaged, from Herkulesbad, September 1907 (Aszner). 



Sect. VII. Antennae of o" with short sessile fascicles of cilia 



H. xanthenes Germ. (46 f). Smaller than leucographa, the apex of forewing more conspicuous; the xanlhenes. 



yellow ground colour almost obliterated by fuscous suffusion, which forms a darker hand before the inner 

 and beyond the outer line, and a square patch between the stigmata; the 3 stigmata, dull yellowish, not 

 white, their centres darkened with brownish, the reniform with a narrow brown lunule; the outer line with 

 the two arms close together, nearly coalescent; submarginal line obscure, ending in a paler apical patch; 

 hindwing darker grey than in leucographa, with very faint markings. South France, Spain, and Sicily. 

 Larva resembling that of flavago, feeding in the stems of artichoke (Cynara scolymus and cardunculus). 



H. fortis Btlr. (46 g). Forewing paler yellow dusted with paler ferruginous than flavago; the dark forlis. 

 bands greyer brown: the whole terminal area, except the yellow- apical patch, more uniformly brown; 

 a distinct pale spot at base of submedian interval; the hindwing dark grey-brown. This species from 

 Japan and Amurland has the frons simply rounded, without any projection. 



H. basalipunctata Graes. (= intermixta Swinh.) (46 g). Smaller on the average than fortis, the ~^j a / f( 

 ground colour deep yellow, the dusting orange red; the inner and outer lines finely black, single not 

 double; the median line strongly and uniformly excurved in middle; the fascia before inner line interrupted 

 below middle, the two dark shades meeting on inner margin; stigmata thickly filled with orange red, and 

 only showing yellow along the brown outlines; the spot at base of submedian fold snow white; hindwing 

 still darker than in fortis. Amurland only, Sidemi, Chabarofka, Ussuri district. 



94. Genus: Brachyxantliia Btlr. 



Tongue present; palpi obliquely upturned, the second segment longhaired in front, the third, 

 porrect, distinct: frons smooth, with a thick tuft of hair; antennae of $ serrate-fasciculate; tegulae pro- 

 duced to form a slight dorsal ridge; prothorax with a sharp triangular crest; metathorax slightly crested; 

 abdomen without crests; tibiae long-haired: forewing with costa sinuate; apex produced and acute; termen 

 gibbous in middle, crenulate. Type Brachyxanthia zelotypa Led. 



B. zelotypa Led. (46 g). Forewing yellowish straw colour, irrorated with ferruginous; the veins zelotypa. 

 dark brown; inner line red, bluntly angled on submedian fold; median shade thick, dark brown, acutely 

 angled on median vein, where it is met by an oblique brown shade from apex; outer line fine, excurved 

 above, then sinuous; submarginal strongly zigzag; stigmata large, pale, with brown outlines and slight 

 rufous centres; hindwing fuscous, the costa and extreme termen straw colour; — peculiaris Btlr., from peculiaris. 

 Japan, has the space between median shade .and submarginal line clouded with dark grey; the type of 

 this is a (J; the only two light specimens seen are $$; the distinction may therefore prove to be merely- 

 sexual. Altai Mts., W. Siberia; Ussuri, Amurland; Japan. 



95. Genus: Pyrrhia Hbn. 



Tongue well-developed; frons smooth, bearing a thick tuft of hair; palpi upturned, the second 

 segment densely rough-haired beneath, the third minute; dorsum crested; fore tibia with a strong spine 

 beneath, concealed by a tuft of hair; antennae of r? subserrate, with short fascicles of cilia; forewing with 

 apex prominent, termen slightly sinuous, the inner margin lobed at base. Insects of bright coloration 

 emerging in early summer, often swarming on flower heads. Larva slender, marked with longitudinal lines 

 and stripes, feeding up in autumn on the flowers and seeds of their food plants, pupating in the ground 

 before winter. Type Pyrrhia purpurina Esp. 



P. umbra Hiifn. (= umbrago Esp., conspicua Bkh., marginago Haw., tibetana Moore, vexilliger umbra. 

 Christ., aconiti Holtz) (46 g). Forewing deep olive yellow, faintly dark-dusted, from base to outer line, 

 beyond which the terminal area is purplish grey, paling towards termen; the lines bright brown; the inner 

 angled inwards on the veins and outwards between them; the outer stronger, oblique and slightly sinuous 

 from the subcostal bend, generally followed by a purplish grey shade; median shade bent on median 

 vein: submarginal line lunulate-dentate, dark brown, the area beyond it often golden brown; orbicular and 

 reniform of the ground colour, with brown outlines and brownish centres; the claviform outlined only; 

 hindwing straw-yellow; with broad black terminal border, dark cellspot, and pale fringe; — ab. marginata marginata. 

 F. (46 g) is a paler yellow form, with the termen of both wings paler, and the dark centre of the reni- 

 form stigma prominent; a rare aberration, in which the base of forewing is darkened, is called rutilago rutilago. 

 Haw. Common throughout North and Central Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, Central and Eastern Asia, 

 China and Japan. — Larva green to reddish brown, mottled with yellowish, and dotted with black; 

 dorsal line dark, white-edged; subdorsal lines fine, yellowish white; lateral lines white or yellow; head pale 

 brown; feeds on flowers and seeds of Ononis spinosa — and is often cannibal. 



P. purpurina Esp. (= marginata Don. nee F., rutilago Hbn., purpurites Tr., purpurago Hbn.) (46 g). purpurina. 

 Differs from umbra in being pale greenish ochreous without yellow or orange tint; the lines bright red and 



