Publ. 15. X. 1911. PANOLIS. By W. Waeben. 253 



in the spring of 1909 by M r - N. G. Eothsohild, and now in the Tring Museum. A heath-frequenting spocies, 

 found in Scandinavia, Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Russia. Larva 

 velvety green, with 3 rows of long yellowish white streaks down the hack, forming the dorsal and sub- 

 dorsal lines, and a row of oblique white streaks edged with dark green on each side; feeding on hoath 

 in autumn and emerging the following year; in warm climates there is a' summer brood as well. 



A. cordigera Thnbg. (= albirena Hbn., luteola Gr. & Bob.). (50 c) Forewing blackish, dusted with pale cordigcva. 

 grey scales especially in basal and marginal areas, the median being darker, or even black; inner and 

 outer lines deep black; reniform stigma large and white with a grey lunule in it ; orbicular small, grey and 

 obscure; hindwing yellow with a broad black marginal border, the costal margin grey; ab. variegata Tuii variegata. 

 is a rare form, in which the dark median area is traversed by a grey band between the stigmata, the 

 space between outer and submarginal line filled in with black to form a fascia, and another following the 

 basal line; — in suffusa Tutt (50 c) the whole wing is black except the pale marginal area and the white reni- suffusa. 

 form; — aethiops Hofm. has the entire wing black except the stigma; — while carbonaria Christ, from aethiops._ 

 Siberia resembles aethiops above, but the underside of forewing is yellow with the marginal areas dark. — eawonana. 

 Found on the mountains of North and Central Europe; also in Spain; and in Siberia and Amurland. — 

 Larva purplish-red : dorsal line pale yellow, with dark oblique streaks beyond segment 4, meeting on the 

 dorsum; subdorsal lines obscurely paler; spiracular line yellow with a black upper edge; spiracles yellow, 

 each accompanied by a yellow blotch; sometimes the larva is wholly blackish, with the markings all 

 obscured; — feeding on Yaccinium uliginosum, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and probably other mountain plants. 



A. melanopa Thnbg. (= alpicola Quens., nigrolunata Pack.) (50 c). Forewing pale or dark grey melanopa. 

 with blacker markings, when fresh with a bluish grey powdering; the 3 stigmata black or black edged; 

 outer line alone well-defined, lunulate- dentate; submarginal line preceded by blackish marks, which on 

 costa and beyond cell coalesce and form blotches; fringe mottled black and white; hindwing white, with 

 broad black terminal border; a large black cellspot; base and inner margin smoky fuscous; ab. wistromi wistrbmi. 

 Lampa from Sweden and the Shetland islands, has the forewings darker, more mixed with brownish or 

 yellow, the underside with a broa'd black border like that of hindwing; — in rupestralis Hbn. (= tristis Hbn., rupeslralis. 

 rupestris Hbn.) (50c) the white of the hindwing is obscured by dark smoky fuscous; this form is restricted 

 to the Alps and the mountains of central Italy; vidua Hbn. (50 c) is intermediate, the hindwing having a vidua. 

 greyish white patch only beyond the reniform. It may be noted that in typical melanopa the underside of both 

 wings is white, but becomes clouded and darkened in proportion to the darkening of the upperside. — 

 Mountains of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Lapland, Scotland, the Shotlands, and the higher Alps. — Larva 

 rosy purple; dorsal line ochreous edged with dark, and marked with red spots; subdorsal line yellowish, black 

 edged, with row of black marks above and below it; the spiracular line pale yellow marked with red; 

 feeding on Yaccinium. Other writers give the larva as green or bluish green, or yellowish grey, feeding on 

 Betula nana, or polyphagous: so that the difference in coloration may be attributable to difference of food. 



A. mausi Pii7ig. (50 d). Forewing pale olive grey, dusted with fuscous; crossed by olive brown inner, mausi. 

 median, outer, and submarginal lines; reniform stigma a small blackish lunule; fringe white; hindwing 

 yellowish white, suffused with fuscous along inner margin; a dark discal lunule; a black terminal border. 

 Altyn Tag Mts., E. Turkestan. 



A. zemblica Hmps. (50 dj. Forewing very narrow; fuscous brown tinged with grey, thinly scaled; zemblica. 

 lines very obscure; the inner waved, touching a small black spot representing the claviform stigma; the 

 outer excurvcd above and incurved below middle; a few dark marks before the course of subterminal line; 

 black spots along termen; orbicular stigma a black point, reniform a small lunule; fringe chequered black 

 and white; hindwing fuscous; the fringe white; on the underside with a large white patch dusted with 

 dark scales from near base of costa to near apex, reaching across wing as far as vein 2; a black cell 

 lunule. Described from a single § from Schubert Bay, Nova Zembla. 



7. Genus: Panolis Hbn. 



Tongue well developed; frons smooth; palpi short, porrect, long-haired; antennae of £ with tuber- 

 culate fascicles of cilia; head and thorax rough-haired, without crests; abdomen with lateral tufts of hair 

 and a small tuft on basal segment of dorsum; forewing roughly and coarsely scaled. Larva smooth, 

 brightly coloured: feeding exposed on Pinus; pupa in the ground; the imago emerges in early spring, 

 the larva having fed up in the previous summer. Type P. flammea Sclviff. 



P. flammea Schiff. ( = piniperda Loschge, telifera Payk., spreta F., pini Vill., ochroleuca Hbn.) (50 d). flammea. 

 Forewing orange rufous with some ochreous admixture; the veins dotted grey and white; the inner and 

 outer lines deeper rufous, conversely edged with white, and dentate lunulate ; submarginal line pale, prece- 



III 33 



