PORPHYRINIA. By W. Warren. 265 



and the praesubmarginal shade, which is continued across the hindwing, deeper tinted; an oblique ferruginous 

 streak from apex ; a minute black dot in cell and two superimposed on discocellular ; hindwing paler. Armenia, 

 Caucasia, and Persia. Larva grey green; the tubercles with silvery white hairs; feeding on Echinops, fastening 

 its cocoon for pupation to the stems. 



P. pannonica Frr. (= kindermannii H. Sch., lenis H. Sch. nee Ev.) (51 e). Porewing deep dull yellow pannonica. 

 in basal half, violet grey powdered with white in the outer ; the extreme termen and fringe rosy brown ; costa 

 dusted with grey, sometimes white; two small black dots in cell, one near base, and two superimposed 

 on discocellular, often obscured ; median, outer, and submarginal lines marked by grey scales, but often obscured ; 

 the median incurved to costa, the outer excurved above and approaching median on inner margin; the sub- 

 marginal straight and oblique, often interrupted by a redbrown apical streak; hindwing grey, darker in $; the 

 space between median and outer lines often darker, more fuscous; the ab. lenis Ev. (51 e) is paler yellow and the lenis. 

 dark markings faint or nearly absent, the hindwings pale luteous. The darker type form occurs in Hungary, 

 the Altai Mts., and Armenia, and Pontus; the aberration in S. E. Russia, Taurus, and Mesopotamia. Inter- 

 mediate forms occur in Taurus and Persia, with the hindwing pale grey; one of these, from the Freyer Collection, 

 now in the Tring Museum, is labelled pannonica. Larva dull bone colour, darker, more greyish at the segmental 

 incisions ; dorsal line pale, faint ; tubercles small, black ; spiracles redbrown ; head round, brown ; thoracic and anal 

 plates brown with black tubercles ; feeds in May and June on Gnaphalium arenarium in a case formed of mor- 

 sels of the foodplant and attached to the stems or leaves. 



P. amasina Ev. ( = paradisea Btlr. ) (51 f). Forewing olive ochreous to beyond middle, where it is limit- amasina. 

 ed by the pale, sometimes white-dotted median line, which forms a more or less conspicuous outward pro- 

 jection in cell and then runs obliquely inwards with a small sinus on submedian fold ; submarginal line waved, 

 also marked by white dots ; the space between the lines bright deep rosy, containing a costal patch of olive ground 

 colour; fringe bright rosy; hindwing olive fuscous, paler, more ochreous, in <$, where a dark median shade 

 shews more plainly. Found in S. Russia, the Kirghiz steppes, S. Ferghana, Bokhara, the Ussuri district, Corea, 

 and Japan. 



P. rosea Hbn. (= rosina Hbn.) (51 f). Forewing with basal half deep olive, towards base more or less rosea. 

 suffused with rosy, the olive deeper before the median line which is cream colour, bluntly projecting in cell, 

 then oblique inwards with a slighter projection on submedian interspace and an inward tooth on vein 2; outer 

 half rosy, the lines deeper: outer line angled on vein 7, followed by an oblique rosy band, sometimes nearly 

 wholly olive, starting from an olive apical mark and interrupted at vein 7 by the paler submarginal line; 

 terminal line rosy; fringe with basal half rosy (or olive), outer half olive grey ; hindwing olive brown, the fringe 

 white; in some cases the rosy tinge is absent; this is the form schernhammeri Ruhl. Larva flesh colour dusted schernham- 

 with dark; dorsal and subdorsal lines reddish white; spiracular lines broader above the black spiracles which mm ' 

 are placed on a yellow ground ; venter and feet dull yellow ; head and thoracic plate brown ; feeds in May beneath 

 a slight web on Jurinea mollis, pupating in a greyish white oval cocoon. In Europe found only in the South 

 East, Lower Austria, Dalmatia, S. Russia; also in the North of Asia Minor, Bithynia, Lydia, Taurus, Armenia 

 and(?)W. Siberia. 



E. respersa Hbn. (= amoena Hbn.) (51 f). Forewing cream white dusted with brownish grey, which is respersa. 

 deepest before the median and submarginal lines; inner line always indistinct, close to a small black dot in cell; 

 median line thrice bulged outwards, above and below middle, and below vein 1, sharply indented on median 

 vein and bluntly on vein 1 ; preceded by a brown grey shade diffused inwardly ; outer line dark grey, bent outwards 

 between 6 and 2, slightly pale-edged, often more or less obsolete ; submarginal line whitish, sinuous, indented 

 on each fold, preceded and followed at costa by a brown grey shade, sometimes edged externally by scattered black 

 scales ; renif orm stigma represented by a black dot which in quite perfect specimens is double and slightly ringed 

 with white ; fringe white with the tips grey and a broad grey band of contiguous patches ; hindwing whitish 

 grey in $, darker grey in $, with traces of an inner and two outer dark bands; the summer brood — grata grata. 

 Tr. (51 f) is whiter, less dusted with grey, and generally somewhat smaller; in a single <$ of this form, without 

 definite locality, but probably from the Freyer Collection, ab. obliquata ab. nov. (51 f), the median, outer, obliquata. 

 and subterminal lines, as well as the termen itself, are much more oblique than in typical specimens, and the 

 terminal area is whiter, more or less absorbing the submarginal line ; while in the hindwing the two dark out- 

 er bands are farther from termen and followed by a more distinct pale band; the ab. bythinica B.- Baker, bythinica. 

 described from a single <$, has the forewing dusted with violet-red. Larva stout, dirty grey, thickly dotted 

 with blackish ; the dorsal and subdorsal lines paler ; tubercles black ; spiracles also black ; head and thoracic plate 

 dull black; feeds in May and June, and again in autumn on Onopordum acanthium, pupating in a slight cocoon 

 attached to the stems. Occurs in South Europe, in Austria and Hungary; in Bithynia, Lydia, Taurus, Arme- 

 nia, Persia, and Turcomania. 



E. siticulosa Led. (51 f). Forewing chalk- white; the markings much as in respersa, the brownish tint sitieulosa. 

 more or less mixed with blue grey; basal area limited by a dull irregularly waved line, not by a concisely curved 



