CATOCALA. By W. Warren. 307 



Ussuri district, Aniurland. There are two forms of tin's species, as Menelries himself remarks; a dark form, 

 typical, from the neighbourhood of St. Petersburg, and a paler and larger form with the markings more distinct, 

 from Archangel, for which I propose the name diluta ah. nov. (55d); the same contrast is seen in the dilula. 

 examples from other localities. 



C. puerpera Giorn. (= pellex Hon., amasia Esp.) (55c). Forewing grey dusted with darker, often with puerpera. 

 a slight brownish undertone; inner and outer lines blackish, conversely edged with pale grey and then again 

 with dark, the lines really being double; the inner forming three outward curves; the outer lunulate dentate, 

 angled above vein 5, running in above vein 2 and forming a pale space below reniform; this is obscure, with 

 a curved black inner and dentate outer edge, containing a black lunule at centre; shade beyond outer line 

 darker at each end; subterminal line lunulate dentate, dark grey; a row of black spots before termen; hindwing 

 dull pale reddish, with a black irregularly edged median band stopping short at vein 1, and a broad black 

 terminal border containing a pink blotch at apex from vein 8 to 6, and partially or wholly interrupted on 

 submedian fold: in the browner specimens small red spots appear on the termen in the interspaces between 

 veins 2 and 5: -- in the subsp. orientalis Stgr. (55 c) from the Ural and Altai Mts. and other Eastern localities orientalis. 

 the forewing is darker and the whole insect smaller; the red spot at apex of hindwing not so large and the 

 median band generally broader: — subsp. pudica Moore (= pallida Alph.) (55 d), from Tibet: — Ladak, Hi, Issyk- pudica. 

 Kul. Korla, Lobnor — is large and pale, the red of hindwing ampler; and the subsp. rosea Aust. from Moroco rosea. 

 has the forewings rosy grey, less strongly marked than in typical continental examples; — the ah. genetrix genetrix. 

 Schultz (55 d), has the black terminal band of hindwing unbroken, as often seen in the dark forms of orientalis; 

 — examples from Beirut, Syria, larger than the average, have been given the name subsp. syriaca Schultz; syriaca. 

 from the form pudica Moore, which is also large, they may be distinguished by the deeper coloration of the 

 forewing and the stronger black costal markings at the commencement of the lines; the red ground colour 

 of the hindwing is equally ample; — subsp. tarbagata Schultz, from the Tarbagatai district, is described as tatbagata. 

 being intermediate between the type form and subsp. orientalis Stgr.; subsp. romana Schultz, from the Italian romana. 

 Campagna, has the hindwing deep yellowish red in ground colour with the black bands more intense and 

 concisely outlined; the forewing also more strongly mixed with yellowish and more clearly marked; in the 

 ab. fecunda Schultz the dark transverse lines of the forewing are wanting, but the large reniform stigma and fecunda. 

 the black terminal spots are prominently conspicuous; — ab. brunnescens Schultz has the ground colour of °>' u nnes- 

 the hindwing strongly tinged with brown, and the forewing darker, iron grey; — in ab. senescens Schultz the sene'scens. 

 hindwing is almost whitish in ground colour; while in ab. demaculata Schultz the pale spot, which is present demaculata. 

 at the apex of hindwings in typical specimens, is wholly obliterated, owing to the denser scaling of the 

 terminal band; lastly, the ab. munda ab. nov. (55 d), represented by a $ from Uralsk in the Tring Museum, munda. 

 has the ground colour of forewing uniform luteous drab, without a particle of dark dusting, but with the 

 lines and shades well marked. Larva very variable, ranging from whitish grey to black brown ; dorsal line 

 broad, dark, black-edged, often broken up into blotches; a strongly waved, black-edged, lateral band formed 

 of several parallel lines; no hump on segment 9, and .only two deep black marks on segment 12; feeds on 

 young shoots of Poplar bushes and Salix helix, hiding on the ground by day. The species occurs throughout 

 S. Europe, in Asia Minor, Syria, Armenia, Persia, Turania, Tibet, the Ural and Altai Mts., and in Morocco 

 and Algeria. 



Jn addition to the above quoted forms Oberthur has proposed names for six additional aberrations, 

 two from the South of France and four from South Oran; of the former ab. powelli Oberth., from Entrevaux, powelli. 

 has the forewing grey; the inner and outer lines and the reniform stigma alone dark and plainly marked; 

 the other shadings obsolete; the hindwing very pale pinkish with the usual markings; — while in ab. couleti couleti. 

 Oberth. the forewing is pale lavender grey blotched and dappled with cream colour, especially in, below, and 

 beyond cell, in the space before subterminal line, and at apex: the hindwing rosy pink; this example was from 

 Digne in the Basses Alpes; — of the African forms ab. murina Oberth. has brownish grey forewings, and ab. murina. 

 roseosignata Oberth. rosy grey, both with the markings strong; — ab argillacea Oberth. with the ^^^^^arqiilace^' 

 luteous ochreous, and ab. modesta Oberth. dark grey, with the hindwings paler, rosy orange, the two last both modesta. 

 with the markings less distinct. 



C. electa Bkh. (= pacta Esp. nee L.) (55 e). Forewing pale grey dusted with darker; a dark grey, electa. 

 often brownish tinted band beyond outer line and along termen; inner and outer lines double, conversely black 

 and dark grey, less distinctly marked below middle; the inner dentate inwards, the outer outwards with a pair 

 of more prominent teeth on each fold; the outer running inwards above vein 2 and forming an oblong pale 

 blotch below reniform; this is inwardly black and curved, outwardly dentate, containing a brownish lunule, 

 outlined, especially externally, with pale grey; submarginal line dentate, light and dark grey, joined by an 

 oblique dark shade from below apex; median shade distinct at costa, diffuse beyond reniform; hindwing crimson, 

 with a sinuous median band ending on vein 1 and the broad marginal border black; fringe white; — the ab. meri( n_ 

 meridionalis Spul. ( = suffusa Gillm.) (55 f), from more southern localities, is larger, more shaded with., dark onalis. 

 grey brown, especially along inner margin; — ab. nigra Spul. is a rare form with blackish brown forewing, nigra. 



