310 CATOCALA. By W. Warren. 



white; a slight white spot at apex. Kashgar. A small species, distinguished by the luteous white slightly 

 red-stained hindwings. 



sultana. C. sultana B.-Iiaas (= optata Oberth. nee God.) (56 c). Forewing grey with more or less brown 



admixture; the markings nearly as in optata, from which it may always be distinguished by its larger size, 

 broader forewings with more curved costa, and deep crimson hindwings, in which the curved median black 

 band is always broader than in optata; the forewings vary a good deal according to the amount of brown 

 intermedia, admixture and the strength of the dark markings. Occurs in Algeria and Tunisia. The aberration intermedia 

 B.-Haas (56 c), referred by him to optata, seems to me, from the shape and coloration of the forewings, 

 referable rather to this present species; it differs from typical sultana in its smaller size, in the black median 

 band of hindwing being more bluntly abbreviated, and in the partial obsolescence of the dark markings of 

 forewing, the outer line in particular being obscure below the middle. 



leechi. C. leechi Hmps. Forewing pale grey irrorated with darker; inner margin and termen darker; a black 



streak from base below submedian fold, which remains pale, and a shorter one above it before inner line; 

 inner line oblique, black, starting from a black costal spot, outwardly rounded in submedian interval, and 

 strongly inangled on vein 1; median shade black, oblique at costa; reniform stigma obscure, narrow and 

 vertical, with a dark paler ringed outline; outer line strongly zigzag, forming a long narrow inward sinus to 

 below reniform, bluntly rounded outwards above and below vein 1, on which it is strongly inangled; veins 

 towards termen black; subterminal line pale, very obscure; hindwing pinkish crimson; median black band 

 curved and shouldered on vein 5; terminal border black, narrowing to tornus, its inner edge slightly incurved 

 at vein 2; termen and fringe white, with a pink tinge beyond the black, slightly intersected between veins 6 

 and 2. Described from 3 ?? from the Goorais Valley, Kashmir. 



optata. C. optata God. ( = oplabilis Hbn.) (56 e). Forewing closely resembling that of lupina but larger and 



longer: the reniform less distinct; hindwing with a uniformly broad curved black median band, ending abruptly 



at vein 1 ; the inner edge of the terminal border evenly curved, with a scarcely perceptible sinus in submedian 



amanda. interval; — amanda Bsd. (56 e) is an aberration with the forewing darker, of a yellowish brown tint; — 



selecla. selecta Bsd. is larger and has the dorsum red like the hindwings, which are also of a much brighter crimson; 



flava. - - another form ab. flava Oberth. from Digne, S. France has the usual red of the hindwing altered to pale 



yellow. Larva, like that of lupina, exceedingly resembling that of electa; pale yellowish brown or yellowish 



grey; the hump on segment 9 bright yellow surrounded with reddish and white at the tip; that on segment 12 



anvil-shaped; tubercles on dorsum red ringed with yellow; the lines grey and obscurely marked; feeding on 



Salix. Recorded only from S. France, Spain, and Portugal. 



pacta. C. pacta L. ( = pacta-suecica Esp.) (54f). Distinguished from the preceding species by the absence 



of the black basal streak; forewing pale grey, dusted with dark and flushed with olive brown, except along 

 costal and outer margins; inner line black, strongly curved, inangled on vein 1; outer line black, with less 

 acute teeth than in optata, bluntly angled inwards on vein 1 ; submarginal line rarely plain ; reniform stigma 

 containing a brown lunule ringed with pale, edged with black internally only; below it a large grey somewhat 

 irregularly shaped spot edged with black; hindwing exactly like that of optata; abdomen with dorsum in middle 

 discolor, red like hindwings; — in the ab. discolor Schultz (54 f) the hindwings and dorsum assume a dull yellowish red 

 cretacea. tint; in a ? from Minsk in the Tring Museum, (ab. cretacea ab. nov.) (54 f) the forewing is chalk white, the 

 lines and shading pale grey brown. Larva ashy grey or reddish grey, slightly puckered at the sides; on the 

 back of each segment a faint M-shaped mark, often obsolete; tubercles yellow; hump on segment 9 blackish 

 or red brown sometimes tipped with orange; that on segment 12 with two pointed black brown tubercles; 

 spiracles white, outlined with black; the lateral filaments short and grey; feeds on sallows and willows in 

 moorland districts. Found in S. Scandinavia, N. Germany, Russia, the Ural and Altai Mts., Central Asia, 

 Tibet, and Amurland. 



desiderata. C. desiderata Stgr. (56 c). Close to lupina H.-Sch., of the same size but paler, more uniform, grey in 



ground colour; the markings alike, but less conspicuous; the black basal streak plain; inner and outer lines 

 partially obsolete, but the long black biangulation on vein 5 always clear; no submarginal points; hindwing 

 paler, pinkish red; the median band narrower, externally twice bent, ending in a point like promissa. Recorded 

 from Mardin, Syria and Kuldja. 



lupina. C. lupina H.-Sch. (56 e). Forewing pale ash grey dusted with darker, the terminal area tinged with 



pale olive brown; a thick black streak from base below cell to inner line, which is velvety black, obliquely 

 curved, and inangled on vein 1 ; outer line finely black, acutely biangulate on each side of vein 5, then dentate, 

 insinuate inwards to below the reniform, and bluntly angled outwards on submedian fold; subterminal line 





