CATOCALA. By W. Warren. 311 



obscure, acutely zigzag between the veins, which are black; reniform stigma followed by a dark grey cloud, 

 and containing a pale yellowish lunule at centre: hindwing dull red, with a narrow nearly straight black median 

 baud, shortly angled inwards on submedian fold; terminal border black, broad at apex, evenly curved on inner 

 edge, and with a deep sinus on submedian interval. Larva extremely like that of electa, pale yellowish grey, 

 finely black-dotted, with two obscure dorsal streaks; hump on segment 9 small, yellowish; that on 12 slight 

 and bifid; head small, grey with dark marks and two small reddish protuberances; feeding on willows and 

 poplars, preferring those growing by strong, almost dried up, river-beds. The species is found in Istria, 

 Armenia. Kurdistan, the Ural Mts., Altai Mts., Tarba gatai and Ala Tau Mts. Specimens from Uralsk are all 

 smaller, uniform brownish grey, without any black and white shading; the lines line and slight; the black 

 streak from base above and below the submedian fold well marked; hindwing with medianband curved, 

 thinner; terminal border nearly or quite interrupted across submedian interval. They may be distinguished 

 for the present as subsp. detrita subsp. hup. (56 e). detrita. 



**** The following species have the ground colour of hindwing orange red or yellow. 



C. prolifica Wall-. Forewing blackish fuscous, sprinkled with blue grey scales; the lines and markings prolifica. 

 as in afghana Stoinh.; hindwing orange red; the median band reaching inner margin. A North Indian species, 

 occurring also in Kashmir. Easily recognisable by its blackish forewings. 



C. lesbia Christ. (63 c) Forewing rufous grey, with the lines and shadings darker grey tinged with olive Usbiu. 

 fuscous; the inner and outer lines waved, conversely edged with paler grey; median shade thick and diffuse 

 beyond reniform and above inner margin; hindwing yellowish flesh colour; the bands black; the terminal 

 border with a large flesh coloured spot at apex and nearly interrupted across submedian interval. Transcaspia, 

 W. Turkestan, the Jordan Valley, Palestine. 



C. deuteronympha Stgr. (? greyi Stgr.) (63c). Forewing grey suffused with darker; basal area black brown; ^S£ 

 inner line obliquely curved, black, preceded by a paler line, followed by an oblique whitish grey band from 

 costa; reniform stigma with whitish ring and dark centre, the outline blackish, outwardly toothed, and followed 

 by short dark streaks on the veins; the spot beneath it white with black outline; outer line forming a double 

 blunt tooth on vein 5, accompanied by a pale space from costa; subterminal line pale between dark shades; 

 hindwing blackish, with a dull yellowish central streak from base and an outer narrow yellow band, bidentate 

 outwardly at middle, and* angled on submedian fold. Taken in the S. Ussuri district, Amuriand. 



C. proxeneta Alph. (63c) Resembles the preceding species, but smaller; the bands of hindwing narrower; proxeneta. 

 outer line of forewing crenulate below the biangulation, with a larger external prominence on fold, and inangled 

 on vein 1. followed by a dark brown band before the whitish subterminal line. Recorded from Mongolia. 

 C. greyi Stgr. may be identical with this species, in which case proxeneta would sink. 



C. obscena Alph. Forewing ash grey, with a faint greenish tinge, densely dusted with dark atoms, obscena. 

 which give the insect a furry appearance; the usual lines and markings more or less absent; the lines marked 

 on costa by black spots, the costa itself shewing rather paler than rest of wing ; the veins and lines according 

 to the figure pale greenish: reniform stigma small, vertical, and oblong, outlined with black, inwardly pale; 

 the usual spot below it absent; fringe concolorous with wing, with white points at base; hindwing orange; a 

 narrow black median band, constricted on vein 5, then much widened, forming a right angle outwards, then 

 curved round and terminating on submedian fold, where it meets a duller black streak from base ; a black spot 

 on inner margin beyond its end; terminal border broadly black, containing a large yellow apical blotch, and 

 cut short at vein 2, followed by a black blotch at end of vein 1. 



C. nymphaeoides H. Sch. Forewing broader than in nymphaea, for a form of which it was at x first n J^j^ 

 mistaken: the termen less oblique; the markings fainter; colour more uniformly grey brown; the dentate 

 subterminal line and the row of terminal points lightest; the outer line forms less acute angles outwards above 

 and below vein 5; in the hindwing the black band is broader, being toothed basewards at costa and below 

 middle and forming in the middle of wing and again towards inner margin a stronger and more rounded 

 curve outwards. A native of European Russia, and Siberia; the aberration nymphula Stgr. from Amuriand, nymphula. 

 described from a single example scarcely seems distinct. 



C. omphale Btlr. Forewing rich olive brown, the base lilac grey, with a biangulate black line at costa; omphale. 

 inner line double, obliquely curved, black filled up with brown; the outer line strongly exangulate; the costal 

 half of median area internally white, externally brown varied with white, the lower half lilacine grey; the 

 median nervules, the radials, and some longitudinal streaks in the radial interspaces black; reniform stigma 

 white, with the centre brown and the margin black, and below it a black-edged semicircular white spot, nearly 

 joined by an oblique diffuse blackish streak from apex; subrnarginal line zigzag, whitish, internally limted by 



