314 



EPHES1A. By W. Warren. 



connexa. 



mvea. 



rounded on submedian fold; in the ab. connexa Sckultz (57 f) the black terminal border of hindwing is not 

 interrupted at all. and the grey streak from base along submedian interspace, which is nearly always faintly 

 visible in the type form, is black and produced to nearly meet the median band, as in fuhninea. Larva ash 

 grey, sometimes reddish brown, dotted with black; the tubercles brown, inconspicuous: on the dorsum four 

 line, pale grey, dark-edged, wavy longitudinal lines of variable intensity; the hump on segment 9 large, brown 

 and blunt, sloping backwards; behind it another, much smaller, with pointed tip; the hump on segment 12 

 bifid, red brown ; head mottled brown; feeding on sloe. Found in Austria and S. E. Europe: the Ural Mts. ; 

 Asia Minor, Armenia. Syria, and the Ussuri district. 



***** In the following species the ground colour of hind wings is yellowish white. 



C. nivea Bth: (55 f). Forewing pale violet grey sprinkled with black, the veins speckled black and 

 white; the costa, the reniform stigma, and patches along inner and outer lines dusted with white; a dark 

 streak on costa before reniform, indicating median shade; inner and outer lines black, the inner dentate and 

 excurved, the outer excurved and strongly dentate, emitting a black streak to termen above vein 5; hindwing 

 pale whitish yellow, with a sinuate blackish median band, not touching either margin, and a broad black 

 submarginal band. A native of Japan, Yesso, and Central China; also found in N. India, the Indian form being 

 darker. Leech states that it is fond of resting on the trunks of Cryptomeria, though its colour does not 

 harmonize so well with them as with the young oaks around, on which apparently it never settles. A small 

 percentage of examples shows a single spine above the terminal pair of spurs of hind tibiae, while the 

 majority appear to be without them. 



3. Genus: Epliesia Hbn. 



Distinguished from both Mormonia and Catocala by the hindtibiae being entirely without spines. 

 Type: E. fuhninea Scoh. 



* The first 3 species have the hindwings black with white blotches. 



aclaea. E. actaea Fldr. (57 h). Forewing blackish grey, thickly speckled with whitish scales; the transverse markings 



dentate, thick and deep black; inner and outer lines double, the arms nearest the middle of wing deep black 

 and finer: the median shade and submarginal line thick; reniform stigma black, diffuse; the spot below it oval, 

 white or grey, with black outline: a row of white dots at base of fringe; hindwing deep black, the basal area 

 more olive fuscous; a broad white postmedian band from costa to vein 2. followed by a pair of while spots; 

 the fringe white: underside of forewing black with two white bands; of hindwing with the white band more 

 fumifera. complete and the base bluish white; — ab. fumifera ab. nor. (57 h) has the forewings darker and more 

 unicolorous; the white marginal spots larger. Found commonly in China and Japan. 



dissimilis. E. dissimilis Brem. (57 h). Forewing grey speckled with darker; the basal and terminal areas suffused 



with fuscous: inner line black, thick and oblique, slightly waved; outer line finely black, acutely angled outwards 

 below vein 6, then lunulate dentate; reniform stigma undefined, blackish, lying in the dark median shade; the 

 spot below it whitish, often clearly connected with the pale outer area; subterminal line dentate; marginal 

 spots black and white; hindwing dark olive fuscous with a thick outer band angled at vein 2 and a black 

 border swollen towards apex, where there is an oval white blotch with white fringe, the rest of fringe being 

 blackish: underside of both wings black and white. Amurland and Japan. 



sancta. E. sancta Btlr. (57 h). Forewing lilacine grey, irrorated with whitish in costal half; three oblique zigzag 



velvety black lines in basal third, the space between second and third filled in with black, forming a band 

 from costa to submedian fold: a long oval snow white spot in cell before reniform stigma, below which is a 

 broader white spot; median shade distinct: outer line black, zigzag, followed at middle by a large white spot, 

 and preceded in submedian interval by an elongate velvety black patch; subterminal line white, preceded by 

 black scaling; the veins preceding it black; apex and fringe brownish; hindwing brown at base and along inner 

 margin, the apical half blackish; a short tapering white band from costa, as in actaea; a white apical spot as in dis- 

 similis; a white spot on submedian fold towards termen: fringe chequered with white. Recorded only from Yesso. 



** Ground colour of h i n d w i n g s yellow. 



helena. E. helena AY. (57 a). Forewing ochreous whitish, clouded with bluish grey and dusted with black 



the pale ground colour shewing chiefly in an oblique fascia beyond inner line and along the course of the 

 outer line; basal area dark blue grey, shaded with blackish; inner line double, its outer arm black and thickened, 

 angled inwards on vein 1 and outwards below it; outer line black, partially double, edged and filled in with 

 blue grey, forming two moderate teeth above and below vein 5; subterminal line diffusely whitish, zigzag. 



