Publ. :,. TV. 1913. EPHESIA. By W. Warren. 317 



(brewing is suffused with purplish fuscous, the pain- spaces becoming wholly smoky brown, and the darker 

 areas more intense; in the hindwing the yellow is deeper and the bands inky-black; on the underside both 

 wings are evenly banded black and yellow; - subsp. thalamos Schultz (57b), from Central Italy, somewhat thalamos. 

 larger than Ihe type form, has the pale spot under the reniform nearly twice as large as in typical examples, 

 and is more strongly dusted with grey and more brightly varied: the hindwing paler, with the black bands 

 narrower and more sharply broken. Larva yellow, thickly sprinkled with red brown Hecks; dorsal lines only 

 faintly expressed in places; tubercles brownish yellow, prominently keel-shaped, especially the hind pair on 

 segment 12: no hump on segment 9 nor fringe of hairs along the sides; spiracular line blackish grey, obscurely 

 marked: spiracles brownish yellow in black rings; head red brown flecked with yellow; feeding on Quercus 

 -idier and ilex. Occurs throughout South Europe, in Algeria, Asia Minor, and Syria. 



E. jonasii Btlr. (57 b). Forewing pearl grey with a faint luteous tinge, dusted with darker grey, fuscous, jonasii 

 and brown scales: basal area always palest; inner line outwardly oblique, thick and black, indented on each 

 vein; outer line black, irregularly dentate, forming two nearly equal larger teeth above and below vein 5, 

 then incurved and subobsolete, thickened again above inner margin, and indented on vein 1, the tooth refracted 

 as a black line nearly reaching inner line; subterminal broadly whitish, denticulate, outwardly edged with black, 

 most strikingly on Ihe two folds: below the middle the white becomes broader and more diffuse: a row of 

 black marginal hmules: fringe whitish; reniform stigma with olive-brown centre edged by pearl grey, interruptedly 

 outlined externally with brownish streaks; spot below it roundish, ochreous or grey, edged with black; median 

 shade dark grey; hindwing deep yellow; median band broad at costa, much constricted on vein 5, then again 

 widened and nearly straight to submedian fold, where it joins a slight dark streak from base ; terminal border 

 with its inner edge right-angled on vein 5, forming a large sinus at middle and a small one on submedian 

 fold, with a prominence on each side of the latter; a yellow blotch at apex and beyond submedian fold; 

 fringe yellow; — ab. fumiplaga ab. nov. (57c) has the dark shading much developed, the median shade blackish, fumiplaga. 

 the median area black on inner margin, and the terminal area clouded with brownish grey; in the hindwing 

 the projection of terminal border below vein 2 reaches the median band. Recorded only from Japan. 



E. praegnax Walk. ( = esther Btlr.) (57 c). Forewing with the base purplish black and the terminal area praegnax. 

 blackish, dusted with bluish grey along termen and the course of subterminal line, a band beyond outer line 

 and the outer edge of subterminal line being dark; median area ochreous white, more or less thickly powdered 

 with fuscous and pale scales, but nearly always showing paler than the rest of the wing; inner line double, 

 nearly vertical, outcurved between veins, filled up with whitish towards inner margin; outer line forming a 

 long sharp angle above vein 5, and an inward angle on vein 1, also marked with white above inner margin; 

 reniform stigma obscure, dusted with pale grey, with dark centre and lateral edges, the outer edge trian- 

 gulate; space in cell before the stigma paler; the spot below it pale with dark dusting; a row of whitish 

 black-edged terminal spots: hindwing deep yellow, the terminal border very broad, its inner edge bluntly 

 bent in middle: median band broad above and below middle, constricted at vein 5, curved round and 

 coalescing with a blackish streak from base of submedian fold and a narrower one on inner margin; apex 

 and fringe, except at middle, yellow. The larva is said to feed on Quercus mongolica. The type of praegnax 

 was from North China: esther Btlr. from Japan and Corea; the subsp. obliterata Men. from Amurland has the oblilerata. 

 median area whitish, except at middle of costa. 



E. butleri Leech (56 d). Larger than connexa Btlr., to which it is otherwise closely allied; forewing biUleri. 

 with inner line more sinuous but less oblique; the outer and subterminal lines more acutely dentate; hindwing 

 with the black bands broader, the median almost touching the terminal at middle and towards inner margin ; 

 in the forewing the median area is clouded with pale grey brown in the <f, but remains white in the ?. 

 This species comes from Kwei-chow and Pu-tsu-fong in West China, while connexa is from Japan. 



E. musmi limps. (= praegnax Leech, nee Walk.) (63d). Forewing grey suffused with brown and fuscous; musmi. 

 the inner line preceded and the median line followed above the middle by blackish suffusion; inner margin 

 also between the lines blackish; reniform stigma lunulate, with black outline, connected at base by a long 

 blackish mark between veins 3 and 4 with the outer line, which is dentate; subterminal line pale between 

 dark dentate lines; hindwing golden yellow; the median band black, swollen below vein 5, angled to vein 1, 

 where it joins a dark streak from base along submedian fold; terminal border black, with yellow patch at 

 apex, yellow spots on termen between the veins, a long narrow patch across submedian interval, and the anal 

 angle yellow; fringe yellow. At present known only from Gensan, Corea. 



E. connexa Btlr. (57 f). Forewing in markings resembling that of praegnax, but almost uniform ashy connexa. 

 grey in tint: hindwing almost as in fulminea Scop., but the looplike band from the base is carried down to 

 the external border, so that it leaves only a spot of ground colour close to termen, where in fulminea the 

 external border is interrupted: the outer half of the looplike band is also broader, and its centre of a 



HI 41 



