GRAMMODES By W. Wabbet. 331 



N. umbrosa Walk. (=obuaibrala Walk.) (61d). Forewing pale lilac grey, shaded with olive brown; umbrosa. 

 inner and median lines olive brown, Innnlale dentate. Ihe toot Ii pointing inwards; the inner separated from 

 subbasal by a band of pale ground colour, followed by an olive brown shade sharply and straightly limited 

 externally at - : , by a lilac grey area which again merges gradually into olive: outer line fine, red brown, 

 oblique outwards to 6, where it emits an outward and upward spur, pointed at vein 7, below 6 sinuous and 

 crenulate, followed by a golden brown band running into apex: subterminal line pale lilac grey, straight and 

 oblique inwards from costa to vein 7. then angled outwards to join the spur of outer line at 7, reappearing 

 below middle as a waved line followed by a waved fuscous grey shade; extreme lermen lilac grey, except at 

 apex: fringe dusty grey beyond a festooned terminal line: costal blotch between outer and subterminal lines 

 lilac grey, olive-tinged towards costa; reniform stigma represented by two dark dots, sometimes united, but 

 not forming a distinct lunule; hindwing olive fuscous, with tcrmen and fringe pale grey; a dark pale-edged 

 central line ending above anal angle, and a lilac grey subterminal line from anal angle to apex, interrupted 

 in upper half. This species, which comes very close to N. onelia Walk, from India, but rather larger, has 

 been taken at Shanghai and Hongkong. China; it seems very common in the Island of Hainan. 



23. Genus: Grammodes Guen. 



Tongue present: frons smooth, with some rough hair above; palpi upturned, the second segment well 

 scaled, the third short, porreet: antennae in d" almost simple; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, slender; 

 tibiae of cT clothed with long hair, the mid tibiae spined; forewing triangular, the costa straight, curved oidy 

 at apex, the termen oblique and straight. Type G. geometrica F. 



G. geometrica F. (= ammonia Cram., bifasciata Petagn., linearis Hbn., parallelaris Hbn., chalciptera geometrica. 

 Bkh.) (Old). Forewing mouse grey in basal, costal, and terminal areas, with a faint tinge of brown; the space 

 enclosed on inner margin deep velvety brown, crossed by two nearly parallel, inwardly oblique, narrow pale 

 bands, the inner ochreous, the outer fulvous with its inner edge only ochreous; this last is abruptly bent 

 inwards at rig' t angles on inner margin, ending in a fine point before reaching inner band: from the inner 

 edge of each a fine dark grey line curves inwards to costa; the submarginal line pale, preceded by irregular 

 velvety brown spaces, runs obliquely from apex to vein 6, is deeply insinuate to below vein 4 and again 

 irregularly to inner margin, the dark spaces before it more or less rounded; a marginal row of dark dots 

 before termen; fringe grey; hindwing brownish fuscous, the termen towards anal angle grey; a diffuse straight 

 pale band from costa before middle towards anal angle; fringe grey, white from apex to vein 5 and again 

 below subniedian fold; in the eastern form, subsp orientalis subsp. nov. (61 d), from China, India, the islands and orientalis. 

 Tonkin, the grey of the forewing has no brown admixture; both pale bands are, as a rule, broader, the outer 

 also more flexuous, and the black spaces preceding submarginal line are sharply dentate; in the hindwing the 

 terminal grey space is broader and extends to costa, showing a crenulated edge to the dark inner portion; 

 Chinese examples are still further separated from Indian in having the median band often more or less ful- 

 vous like the outer, culminating in a form in which both bands are wholly fulvous. — ab. bifulvata ah. nov. bifulvata. 

 (61 d): the type form is found in S. Europe and N. Africa; in the ab. abbreviata ab. nov. (=ab. 1 Hmps) abbreviuta. 

 the median white band is narrow and does not reach" above the median vein; in ab. flavifascia ab. nov. (= flavifascia. 

 ab. 2 Hmps.) the median band is yellow. Larva grey, darkened along dorsum and at sides by rows of dark 

 and light points; the dorsal stripe paler, yellowish hindwards, edged and traversed by fine lines of dark points; 

 subdorsal stripes orange yellow, dark-edged, swollen on segments 4 — 7 into large roundish spots, with a long- 

 deep black orange-ringed spot on their lower margin; on segment 12 a round black pale-edged blotch; 

 spiracular line reddish brown, edged on both sides by a pale yellow and a black line; on bramble and other 

 plants in spring and summer. 



Q. stolida F. (= cingularis Hbn., curvilinea Walk) (61 f)- Forewing: basal 2 / s black brown, with basal stolida. 

 patch, costal streak, and reniform stigma fuscous grey; crossed at middle by a pale ochreous band oblique 

 from subcostal and widening downwards, its outer half yellowish; limited externally by a biconcave ochreous 

 band, narrower below, followed below vein 6 by a broad brown band, on the outer edge of which are 3 or 4 

 irregular black patches, and above and beyond it on costa a black blotch, sharply angled externally on vein 6, 

 these black marks forming the inner edge of a diffuse submarginal pale line; terminal area shaded with brown 

 and fuscous, with a short black apical streak and a diffuse dark cloud below the middle; fringe grey with 

 white base, altogether whitish round apex: hindwing olive fuscous, becoming blackish towards termen; a white 

 band from costa at 1 / 3 to anal angle, and a round white submarginal spot in submedian fold; fringe brightly 

 white, but grey between veins 2 and 4; the form stupida H.-Sch. (?spec. dist.) from Salonica, Macedonia has stupida. 

 the bands marked with yellow only at inner margin, indicated merely by two straight dark streaks: the outer 

 band more strongly bent inwards to costa; the white band of hindwing not straight but forming two curves; 

 in the ab. attenuata ab. nor. (=ab. 1 Hmps) (61 f) the white band is merely a narrow line from cell to attenuata. 



