346 SYNGRAPHA. By W. Warren. 



filled in with pale grey; Ihe inner angled outwards on subcostal vein, and forming two curves below median, 

 Hie outer irregularly Qexuous; subterminal pale, preceded by a blackish shade, projecting above and below 

 middle: terminal lunules black, preceded by a grey line; fringe chequered, pale grey and blackish; median 

 area below middle blackish, deepest along its margins, containing a silvery gamma-shaped mark; stigmata 

 edged with black and pale grey; a distinct black median shade; hindwing yellow, with broad black terminal 

 border; inner margin and a streak along upper half of cell fuscous. Larva beautiful green, like the young needles 

 of the Larch on which it feeds; dorsum with four yellowish white lines at even distances apart; lateral 

 stripes dark-edged above; spiracles yellowish, in black rings. Occurs on the Alps, the mountains of Germany 

 tumidisigna. and N. Hungary, and throughout Central Asia from the Altai Mis. to Amurland. ; a rare form — ab. tumidisigna 

 ab. hup. (64b) has the tail end of the gamma-shaped mark swollen into a bulbous shape. 



diasema. S. diasema Bscl. (64b). Forewing uniform dull purplish grey with a slight brown tinge; the lower 



median area broad, the inner and outer lines wide apart, filled in with brown black, containing a grey silvery- 

 edged mark touching median vein, starting from inner line and forming a rounded loop at middle, followed 

 by a silvery dot or dash, often obsolete; reniform stigma alone visible, obscure, with dark edges; terminal 

 area darker-clouded, the subterminal line very indistinct; hindwing dull yellow, with broad cloudy blackish 

 terminal border, the inner margin fuscous; fringe whitish. Larva pale green with several whitish dorsal 

 lines, faintly marked on the front segments, and a whitish yellow lateral stripe just above the pale black- 

 ringed spiracles; tubercles black ringed with white; head green with brown dots; feeding on Betula nana, 

 Vaccinium myrtillus, and other mountain plants. Found in Scandinavia, Finland, and in Dauria, the Apfel- 

 borea. gebirge, and Amurland: probably throughout N. Asia. The subsp. borea Auriv., from Greenland, is smaller, 



connexa. with brighter yellow hindwings and narrower dark border; in the ab. connexa ab. nov. (= ab. 2 Hmjis.) the 

 subcellular mark is Y-shaped, the dot being joined to the loop by a narrow tail. 



gamma ^. microgamma Hbn. (64a). Forewing purplish grey, more uniform in tint; inner and outer lines 



wider apart, the inner below middle sickle-shaped, silvery; the outer faintly sinuous, followed by a black 

 spot on submedian fold and at inner margin; reniform stigma with silvery outline and blackish lateral shades; 

 lower median area bronzy brown; the silvery mark Y-shaped, with the arms wide apart and slender, and 

 the tail a round drop; subterminal line lunulate dentate, indistinct, obscured by a bronzy fuscous shade; 

 hindwing orange, with a broad black border; the base and inner margin narrowly smoky fuscous; underside 

 incompleta. of forewing with a bronzy red tinge; in the ab. incompleta Renter the silvery marking is incomplete, only 

 the dot being present. Larva dark violet brown with faint whitish suffusion; dorsal line blackish, interrupted 

 at the incisions; lateral lines sulphur yellow; spiracles black; head and forefeet redbrown; feeds on Salix 

 repens and myrtilloides. Found in Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic provinces of Russia, and North Germany; 

 also recorded from the Tyrolese Alps, the Balkans, and S.W. Russia. 



inter- s. interrogationis L. (= aemula F. nee Schif., aurosignata Don., borealis Renter) (64b). Forewing 



bright purplish grey, suffused with black in median area and towards apex; the edges of the stigmata and 

 the lines lustrous grey; inner and outer lines black, double; the inner sinuous above middle, and forming 

 three small curves below it; the outer regularly crenulate throughout; the subterminal line preceded by a 

 conspicuous black dentated and indented line, with a blackish cloud towards apex; a row of pale grey lunules 

 before the terminal marks; the subcellular silvery mark highly variable, either forming a simple loop with 

 orbata. fine silvery edge, -- ab. orbata ab. nov. (64 b), — or followed by a small silvery dot, as in the type form, 

 flammifera. or by a large round spot conjoined to it, rarely separate, — ab. flamtnifera Huene (64 b); a development of 

 ignifera. this last, -- ab. ignifera ab. nov. (64c) — has the usual silvery mark pale yellow, as in some examples of 

 flammifera, shaped like a tadpole, with deep fiery red scaling before the outer line, beyond the inner, and 

 along the submedian fold; hindwing brownish luteous clouded with darker and with a broad blackish 

 ''/''I'lensis lerimmi ' border; the type, a c? from Livonia, is in the Tring Museum; the subsp. transbaikalensis Stgr., from 

 Dauria and East Siberia, is more uniform bluish grey, with very little black suffusion on forewing and paler 

 rosea, hindwings; this form is also recorded from Esthland by Petersen; ab. rosea Tutt, from Scotland, has a rosy 

 cinerea. ground colour in place of bluish grey; ab. cinerea ab. nov. (64c) has the ground colour dull ashy grey with 

 scarcely any dark markings, except the subterminal line, and no purplish suffusion, the silvery mark a 

 somewhat triangular loop; of this form the Tring Museum possesses 3 examples from Cedre, Hautes Pyrenees ; 

 in the same museum is still another grey form, much resembling cinerea, but with a complete silvery gamma- 

 mark and somewhat more developed dark shades; this specimen is from Cauterets in the Pyrenees, and may 

 gammifera. be distinguished as ab. gatnmifera ab. nov. (64 c); these last two grey forms are probably specifically distinct 

 from interrogationis L. Larva pale green; dorsal line dark, with pale edges; several pale wavy subdorsal 

 lines and a broad whitish lateral line with dark upper edge; feeding on Vaccinium. Occurs on the mountains 

 of North and Central Europe, Scotland and North England, the Apennines and Pyrenees, the Carpathian and 

 L'ral Mis., in Dauria and East Siberia. 





