352 



PHYTOMETRA. By W. Warren. 



now in the Trine: Museum, was taken in Sussex, on the South Coast of England, and is referred to by Tutt 

 gammina. in British Noctuae, Vol. IV, p. 32; lastly, the form gammina Stgr., from Syria and Pontus, is only half as 

 large as typical gamma, with more definitely marked forewings. Larva pale green, with fine whitish or 

 yellowish, partly double, lines; a straight yellowish lateral line above the white black-ringed spiracles; feeding 

 on all kinds of low plants throughout the summer. Found throughout the palaearctic region, except in the 

 extreme East of Asia, where its place is taken by the Indian species, nigrisigna Walk. 



nigrisigna. P. nigrisigna Walk. (= '? gamma ab. obscura Oberth.) (65 a). Differs from gamma L. mainly in the 



different shape of the gamma mark, the arms of which are much more oblique, in a curve with the tail, 

 instead of being angled with the tail; in the hindwing the dark border is not so black; moreover,, the pale 

 line before termen of forewing is whiter and narrower than in gamma. A North Indian insect, occuring in 

 E. Asia and China, where it takes the place of gamma, as above stated. 



mandarina. P« mandarina Frr. (= interscalaris H.-Sch., typinota Btlr.) (65 b). Forewing purplish grey, suffuse 



and spotted with blackish fuscous: inner line dark, pale-edged, oblique outwards to median vein along which 

 it is retracted basewards, then obliquely incurved, edged with white, to inner margin; outer line brownish, 

 double, bent below costa, then oblique inwards, indented on vein 2, thence vertical; sub terminal line irregular, 

 protruding between veins 7 and 5, preceded and followed by fuscous suffusion, edged by a straight whitish 

 line before the thick black terminal line; reniform large, obliquely 8-shaped, the upper half marked with 

 black, lying in a diffuse median shade; median area below median vein deep brown, becoming reddish 

 ferruginous along submedian interval and before outer line; along vein 2 a white y-shaped mark, thickened 

 and rounded at the tail; fringe dark, with a bright pale base; hindwing fuscous, with terminal border and 

 an outer line darker. Amurland, E. Siberia, Ussuri, Kamschatka; Ural and Altai Mts. 



macro- p. macrogamma Ev. ( = sevastina Frr.) (65b). Forewing purple shaded with darker in median area: 



ima ' the basal and outer areas with a bronzy green sheen; the lines dark brown, double, with narrow bronzy 

 centres ; the inner interrupted in cell, oblique below it, and outcurved between submedian fold and vein 1 ; 

 the outer not crenulate, indented on vein 2; subterminal line dentate and indented, preceded by a darker 

 bronzy shade; the gamma mark large, broadly pale golden; the base of both stigmata also outlined in pale 

 gold; a distinct dark median shade; hindwing shining brownish, with darker veins, a paler outer band, and 

 broad smoky fuscous terminal border. In Europe found only in Lapland and Finland, and in the Ural Mts.; 

 also in the Altai Mts., W. Siberia, Mongolia, E. Siberia, and Amurland. 



confusa. P. confusa Stph. (= gutta Guen., circumflexa Esp. nee L.) (65 b). Forewing olive grey, darker at 



base of costa and beyond inner line; median area below middle deep chestnut brown, becoming ferruginous 

 just before outer line; along veiu 2 the two silvery white marks, which are in allied species separate, 

 coalesce to form a single large blotch indented on its upper edge, beneath the median also coalescing with 

 the silvery lower half of inner line; outer line irregularly crenulate from vein 8 to inner margin more or 

 less parallel to termen, and marked with silvery only at inner margin; subterminal line waved but indistinct, 

 being lost in a bronzy fuscous suffusion reaching to apex, and limited by a grey line before the blackish 



bigutta. marginal line; fringe grey; hindwing bronzy fuscous, paler towards base; in rare cases, — • ab. bigutta Stgr. 

 the silvery mark is broken up into two spots. Larva green, more rarely brownish or violet, with darker 

 green, white edged, dorsal line; yellowish or green, white edged, subdorsal lines, straight on the thoracic 

 segments and sinuous on the rest; lateral lines broadly white; spiracles white in black rings; tubercles black: 

 head and forelegs black; feeds through the summer on Achillea, Matricaria, etc.; pupa greenish white, with 

 the dorsum black. In Europe restricted mainly to the South, and occurring in W. Asia, Lydia, Syria, 

 Bithynia, Armenia, Persia, the Altai Mts., and throughout Central Asia to E. Siberia and Amurland. 



crassisigna. P. crassisigna spec. nov. (= gutta Hmps. part, nee Guen) (65 b). Closely resembling confusa Stph., 



but rather larger, and with the silvery white mark longer and more swollen; reniform stigma marked with 

 silvery. Japan and Corea; also occurs in India. 



albostriatu. P. albostriata Brem. and Greg ( = transfixa Walk, part, oxygramma Hmps. nee Hbn.-G.) (65 b). 



Forewing dull ashy grey striated with blackish, with darker suffusion in median area and on each side of 

 subterminal line, and a faint bronzy tinge along termen; lines black, double, filled in with pale: the inner 

 with two curves below middle, the outer oblique, lunulate dentate, strongly indented on submedian fold; 

 subterminal line pale grey, ill-defined; a row of pale vein dots before the black terminal lunules; stigmata 

 conversely oblique; the orbicular narrow with paler edges; the reniform leaden grey with dark outline; sub- 

 cellular mark a long pointed streak reaching outer line, its edges silvery white and with a whitish central 

 line: hindwing fuscous, with the veins dark and base paler. An oriental species which is met with also in 

 China and Japan. 





