BIRDS. 59 



239. CEdemia nigra (Z.). Common Scoter. 



Winter visitant, common on the coast and in the Humber, 

 occasionally visiting inland waters. Arrives in immense 

 flocks in the autumn, and a few are found off the coast all 

 the year round. Mr. Cordeaux is of opinion that those 

 remaining during the summer are young of the preceding 

 year, not going north to breed. Occasionally large migra- 

 tory flocks are observed far inland in spring. 



240. CEdemia perspicillata (Z.). Surf-Scoter. 



241. Mergus merganser Z. Goosander. 



Winter visitant to the coast and its vicinity, in varying num- 

 bers, but not uncommon, especially in severe seasons, when 

 it is occasionally observed far inland on rivers and lakes. 

 Immature birds are most frequent, adults being considered 

 scarce. 



242. Mergus serrator Z. Red-breasted Merganser. 



Casual visitant in winter, of rare occurrence, both on the 

 coast and inland ; the recorded instances are, however, 

 somewhat too numerous to mention. 



243. Mergus cucullatus Z. Hooded Merganser. 



Accidental visitant from North America, of extremely rare 

 occurrence. 



Leeds, a pair obtained, in the collection of Mr. W. Christy 

 Horsfall (Gould, Birds of G. Britain, Part to, 1866). These 

 specimens I have been unable to trace. 



244. Mergus albellus Z. Smew. 



Winter visitant, not uncommon on the coast in severe seasons, 

 scarce inland. Old males are very rare, females and young 

 of the year predominating. Less frequent than formerly. 



