240 



by reason of the variation of the rock, show far greater 

 irregularities and variations in detail, at least in the outer 

 coast land. 



Of particular interest within this area are the valleys: in the 

 same kind of rock, under the same natural conditions I have 

 not seen a finer variety, save only in Iceland, where on the 

 other hand the ice-cover is actually more retired. Of least 

 interest are the large valleys ending in glaciers, which end up 

 a number of fjords (for instance, the NW. bay from Turner 

 Sund) and evidently owe their origin to the combined effect of 

 ice and water. Otherwise the fjords end up (for instance, the 

 bay N. of C. Dalton) in true cirque walls where the rock bed, 

 as it was exposed after the retirement of the eroding glacier, 

 is visible everywhere, while a river flowing through in some 

 canyon-like crevice tries to form a lower valley level. 



A splendid opportunity of studying these types of valleys 

 occurs in the interior of Turner Sund. Between the very 

 steep, slightly defined, but typically V-shaped river chasms, 

 and the long, often magnificent cirques with their sheer sides 

 and gentle slope outwards, there is a vast difference, and yet 

 the former probably only represent an early stage in the deve- 

 lopment that results in the latter, and the transition is marked 

 by the insignificant "niche" depressions, which at the top so 

 often end up the valleys of the former class, where snow and 

 ice have begun their work of first forming a corrie with its semi- 

 circular, steep border, and then incessantly depressing and 

 elongating the same. 



Especially on Turner Island, on the E. side of the sound 

 in question, there are some very fine examples of such cirques, 

 which, divided only by narrow walls, run out at right angles 



') ill Iceland, in the same kind of basalt rock, one finds similar finely 

 developed fjords, ending in cirques, for instance, in Dyrefjord, in the 

 inner wall of which one can easily see that the fjord is not continued 

 by any fault-line. 



