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breadth reached about I km. The river gorge, which at the 

 mouth must have had a depth of about 50 m, becomes shall- 

 ower and shallower at the top and finally the river runs over 

 a couple of not insignificant falls, but the rise is comparatively 

 little until one reaches the inner ice-mass and its terminal 

 moraine, the foot of which hes about 100, and the upper sur- 

 face about 200 metres above the level of the valley bottom at 

 the opening of the valley. The walls of the valley are very 

 steep, even if not always quite unsurmountable, and have the 

 "parabolic" shape characteristic of these valleys; there is no 

 difference in this respect between the side-walls and the front- 

 wall. The ice-mass, which is now inconsiderable in proportion to 

 the extent of the valley, but which was probably once the cause 

 of its formation, was not examined. Against the front wall 

 itself lie some very steep masses of snow, probably consisting 

 of ice in the interior. To these is attached, at the bottom of 

 the valley, a mass of ice which was now covered by snow that, 

 even at this time of year (July 22), was quite clean and free 

 from gravel, while on the other hand the ice itself, where it 

 appeared, was covered with masses of foreign substance. It is 

 interspersed with fissures in two directions, partly narrow, sharp 

 ones (magnetic E.-W.), partly hook-Hke ones, corresponding 

 most closely to structure bands ("Blaubänder"). 



I climbed the front wall in a little river cleft and found 

 there that only a narrow crest, very steep and as sharp as a 

 knife, separated the valley here described from another of similar 

 type, running in the opposite direction. This crest must ne- 

 cessarily break down gradually and then give rise to an "eid", 

 arising exactly in conformity with Heilands well-known ex- 

 planation. The whole of Turner I. seems in this way to be 

 divided up into similar corries separated by narrow ridges. It 

 is interesting to note that nothing similar occurs on the corre- 

 sponding mainland, where the mountains are far more closely 

 joined and plateau-shaped. 



