42 G. Holm. 



because the house has been built so late, that the ground has frozen 

 or is covered with snow. These stone-houses have been made tight 

 wåth snow which has been thrown up around them. Remains of 

 houses of this kind have been found at Igtutuluk, Nuerniagartek 

 and Ukieuirajik. 



It is said that the people have sometimes built snow-houses for 

 working in, but I do not feel sure whether they do not mean snow 

 mounds under shelter of which they work. 



Tents. — From the latter half of April to the end of September, 

 the people of Angmagsalik live in tents; only nearly related 

 families live together in such a tent. It is erected over a wooden 

 bar, resting upon two upright standing poles; from this long laths 

 are extended in a semi-circle either direct to the ground or to a 

 rampart of earth (figs. 66, 67, 68). The diameter of a tent is 10 

 to 15 feet, and the height circa 8 feet, but the greater part of the 

 interior is only a few^ feet high. The tent is covered with large 

 seal skins sewn together, the innermost of which has the hair ad- 

 hering and turned inwards. On the top of it are laid waterproof 

 skins, which in general consist of three breadths, in such a way 

 that the breadth below^ is overlapped considerably by the one above 

 it. That part of the skins which is on the ground is kept down with 

 large stones. From the cross-bar which forms the entrance, hangs 

 a curtain of gutskin, which is often beautifully striped, the guts being 

 prepared in different ways, and thus having different colours. The 

 interior of the tent is arranged like the house, the back part being 

 turned into a platform about 5 feet broad. In front of it stand 

 lamps and water tubs, and along the tent wall stand the boxes. In 

 the covered room beyond the curtain stand urine tubs. A tent like 

 this, when warmed wdth lamps, makes a very pleasant place to live 

 in. When the people of Angmagsalik moved into tents in the spring, 

 they were erected on the snow. In fact some people said that the 

 first night after they had moved into tents they had literally frozen. 

 This did not astonish me, as the platform was raised only six 

 inches above the ice. When we hear that at this time it w'as 10 

 degrees below^ zero (Celsius) at night, and that the natives notwith- 

 standing this stripped to the skin as usual, although the lamps had 

 not warmed up the tent in the day time, we cannot help wondering 

 at the hardiness of these people. 



Boats. — The boats (umiaks) are flat-bottomed and consist of 

 a light wooden framework (figs. 32, 81). The separate parts are joined 

 by groovings and rawhide lashings. The Iloor limbers lie wilh the 

 grooving down over the keelson, and the ribs are joined by tenons 



