Contributions to the Anthropology of the East Greenlanders. 165 



from the glabella to the chin , and between the breadth of the 

 zygomatic arch and the breadth of the lower jaw^). 



We have at our disposal in this line merely a very scanty 

 supply of materials in the form of measurements taken on living 

 persons of other races; but the results are in perfect accordance 

 with the investigations already made on skulls, when we make 

 allowance for the fact that the length of the face is augmented by 

 the addition of llesh parts only at one end (at the chin) , owing to 

 which it appears, as compared with the cross measurement, which 

 is augmented on both sides, as relatively less, even if it is abso- 

 lutely larger. 



These characteristics do not present any certain sexual diffe- 

 rence, any more than the cephalic index of the head, and indeed it 

 has proved impossible in this case too to show a local variation of 

 more than purely accidental nature. 



They may therefore appropriately be treated under one head 

 for the total number of individuals examined, and the average will 

 then be : - — 



Index facialis s. str. s. superior = 1038 

 Index gonio-zygomaticus = 823 



which by a process of simple multiplication gives the proportion 

 between the length of the face and the breadth of the lower jaw, or 



Index facialis inferior = 854 



Or, to express it differently, it might also be said that the 

 length of the face (from the glabella to the chin) is a little less than 

 the breadth of the face over the zygomatic arches, and that the latter is 

 about a fifth larger than the breadth over the angles of the lower jaw. 

 The latter measurements is a little larger than has hitherto been 

 found among the Eskimo, and indeed the largest known amongst 

 any people yet examined. 



It may thus be considered permissible to regard the East Green- 

 landers as a thoroughly typical Eskimo race, a conclusion which is 

 in complete agreement with the fact that the East coast of Green- 

 land may be regarded as the extreme boundary for the w^hole 

 geographical extension of this race. In order to show the reliable- 

 ness of the index gonio-zygomaticus as a distinguishing mark of 

 race, — for though it certainly varies pretty considerably, it follows 



^) I may remark in passing that owing to the liveh^ almost involuntary, play 

 of the masseter muscles, it is extremeh' difficult accurately to measure the 

 distance between the angles of the lower jaw in living persons. However, 

 this difficulty might to some extent be obviated b}' measuring with the 

 mouth of the person open. 



